Background: This hematological malignancy comprises a major health problem in the society due to its high mortality and morbidity. There is a need for the accurate estimation of incidence and prevalence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and other hematological malignancies in India to estimate the true disease burden and its impact on the population which may help in formulating the guideline which helps in better risk stratification and treatment. Unfortunately, there is a real paucity if epidemiologic data on pediatric cancers in India and particularly in several parts of Gujarat. Objectives: To find out the prevalence and other epidemiological distribution of hematological malignancy in pediatric age group patients. Furthermore, it was objected to study hematological profile and bone marrow typing in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Methodology: A prospective observational study carried out over 2½ years. Confirm cases of hematological malignancies were recruited from the pediatric outpatient and inpatient department. Data recorded in the preformed case record form include demographic data, data of clinical history and clinical examination, laboratory findings such as complete blood count, peripheral smear examinations, bone marrow examination for cellularity and differential count, and immunophenotyping. Fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy of lymph node was done in suspected lymphoma patients. Observations: ALL is the most common hematological malignancy among pediatric patients in the present study with 122 out of 158 patients (77.21%). Other malignancies are acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (13.29%) and chronic myeloid leukemia (2.59%) and lymphoma (5.69%). Nearly half of the patients were below 5 years of age (51.26%) and males were predominantly affected with frequency of 77.6%. Common clinical features were fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, bone pain, petechies, hepatic and splenomegaly, pallor, and lymphadenopathy. In ALL, most common blast type in bone marrow was L1 type (86.44%), whereas in AML, it is M2 type (80%). Conclusion: The most common type of malignancies in pediatric age group is hematological malignancies with predominant variant is ALL. It is commonly affecting age below 5 years with male predominance.

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Background: The prevalence of hemoglobinopathies is very high in tribal castes of India. Moreover, it is also an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many tribal castes in India. The tribal students of medical college, as they are the candidates from those castes in whom hemoglobinopathies are common, can play an influential role in their own family and own society and play a key role to increase social awareness. Objective: To find out the prevalence of various hemoglobinopathies in healthy tribal medical students. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Three milliliters of blood was collected in from each participant and processed for various investigations such as complete blood count, solubility test for detection of HbS (dithionite tube turbidity test), electrophoresis, HPLC, and methemoglobin reduction test. Result: A total of 17 participants were found with different types of hemoglobinopathies among 77 participants. Sickle cell trait was the most common (15) among the participants. One participant revealed sickle cell disease, and one showed beta thalassemia trait. Nearly 41% of all hemoglobinopathies was seen in female participants from Dhodiya Patel caste. Conclusion: Sickle cell trait is the most common among hemoglobinopathies in tribal medical students and commonly seen in the participants of Dhodiya Patel caste. Moreover, students from other subcastes were affected by sickle cell trait.

Pure primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is extremely rare. SCC can also arise in a mature cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst, in an ovarian endometrioma or in a brenner's tumor, but such malignant transformations are also quite rare. Development of SCC in a mature cystic teratoma (MCT) has been reported sporadically in less than 2% cases only. Here in our present study, we are reporting such a rare case of 65 years old postmenopausal woman who was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma developed in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary at our institute. This diagnosis was given on the basis of clinical (patient's history and examination), radiological (CT scan) and pathological (histopathology report) findings. We are also going to discuss other similar cases with review of literature. The only aim of this present study is to share our experience of such rare diagnosis with others.

Introduction:Transfusion of Blood & Blood Components is one of the four recognized modes of Hepatitis B virus infection and HBsAg or Australia Antigen in the serum is the earliest marker of active HBV infection (acute/chronic) being detectable even before elimination of transaminases and onset of clinical illness. Various strategies are being used to reduce this transfusion transmitted infection. Objectives: To determine the Seroprevalence of HBsAg among blood donors in and around Junagadh (Gujarat) and to compare it withthat of other regions in India. Methods: The study was conducted on apparently healthy blood donors over a period of 3 years from January-2015 to December-2017 at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Junagadh in order to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. A total number of 18368 blood donors were included in this study. Both rapid HBsAg card test and HBsAg ELISA test were used for this study purpose. Result: Out of 18368 donors, 14102 (76.77%) were inhouse donors and 4266 (23.23%) were outdoor-camp donors. 17346 (94.44%) were males & 1022 (5.56%) were females. Out of 18368 blood units, 487 (2.65%) were discarded and out of them 109 (22.38%) were HBsAg reactive. The Seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 0.59%. Conclusion: Blood Donors are often found to be reactive for Australia Antigen and others. In order to reduce this Seroprevalence, more sensitive screening assays and appropriate donor selection are must.