A craniofacial duplication or diprosopus is an unusual variant of conjoined twinning. The reported incidence is one in 180,000-15 million births and 35 cases have been reported till date. The phenotype is wide, with the partial duplication of a few facial structures to complete dicephalus. A complete duplication is associated with a high incidence of anomalies in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system and the respiratory system, whereas no major anomalies are found in the infants with a partial duplication. A term baby with the features of a craniofacial duplication has been described, with the proposed theories on embryogenesis and a brief review of the literature.

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Background: Oncological surgical emergencies of abdomen pose a typical problem for surgeons with respect to the choice of curative and palliative treatments and procedures in absence of opportunity for proper evaluation and support of multidisciplinary approach. For appropriate management, it is important to understand the epidemiological and clinical profile of this disease complex.Methods: A prospective analysis of abdominal emergencies encountered in emergency surgery department was done over a period of two years at a single institution and the malignancies were studied with respect to the pattern of clinical presentation and epidemiological characteristics.Results: At our centre, the incidence of intraabdominal oncological emergencies requiring surgery was found to be 6.56% of total emergent presentations excluding abdominal trauma cases. The overall mortality for study duration was 29% and the perioperative mortality within 30 days was 24%. Colonic malignancies (62%) and gastric malignancies (28%) were the most common to present as emergency. It was noted that small bowel (5%) and ovarian malignancy (5%) were not common. Perforation peritonitis was the only presentation as acute emergency in carcinoma stomach. In colonic malignancies, obstruction was the most common emergency presentation (92.5%) and perforation was an uncommon mode of presentation (7.5%).Conclusions: Surgical intervention appears to be unavoidable in the situation of a malignancy presenting as an emergency case, despite the awareness that most of these patients are going to have a limited life expectancy. A high rate of perioperative mortality is observed in emergent presentations of oncological abdominal emergencies.

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