Through observation, it is noticed that the design solutions of the inner spaces of residential units in Cairo have circulation problems. These problems are represented in direct and indirect separation between different zones in apartments, whether private or semi-private. This is due to; reduced areas, site location, building policies, etc. Such problems obstruct resident’s way of everyday life, and their living quality. After introducing such problems, this paper proposes a set of shape-grammars rules that facilitate designers, through their process to produce a range of design alternatives for the same area. Shape grammars’ rules are set according to three aspects: a) required relationship between zones for Carians culture, b) building policies as a constrain, c) the given building area in different situations (attached to neighbours or free standing, etc.) That rule works as a design tool for any designer in Cairo to select the suitable alternative and facilitate his creativity through the process.

Few roof structures remain unscathed from the 4th to 9th centuries in the history of Egyptian architecture generally. The relatively large amount of well-preserved early roof structures in churches in Egypt is used as a point of departure to structurally define medieval Egyptian roof structures. Investigations of actual roof structures along with study of written sources provide the basis for the study, beside site visits if the structure still exists. The structures are defined according to inherited known systems, economics, politics, building materials and semiotics. We can grope an occurring evolution in the design of the churches’ roofs. The medieval roof structures of Coptic churches can generally and concisely be described by tracing them and putting them in a chronological order. This study completes the constructed mental image about that period, and provide architects with simple architectural solutions within communities that enjoy the exitance of multicultures.