The aim of the article is to analyse and assess the concentration of non-agricultural activities in Poland as an element of the alternative use of agricultural real estate. A detailed analysis will cover the spatial aspect of the concentration of the conducted activity. In order to determine the concentration, the location quotient (LQ) was used. The article used the current data of the Central Statistical Office regarding the characteristics of agricultural holdings in Poland in 2016. While the income from non-farm businesses conducted by farmers reached 15.2 % of farms' total income on average for whole Poland, certain diversity can be seen among provinces. It is worth emphasising that for as many as 49.2 % of agricultural holdings conducting non-farm businesses, the revenues derived from such economic activity make up more than 50 % of the total income. In particular regions, however, the share of such farms was varied, yet remaining on a relatively high level, i.e. between nearly 40 % to 58.2 %, in all the country. The significantly greater diversity of the economically largest farms was not accompanied by greater differences in the concentration of farms gaining income from non-agricultural businesses.

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The main objective of the assessment of the production process is obtaining objective information on the functioning of equipment and technology for the identification of intensification reserves of production to increase its efficiency and quality, increase production, increase productivity, reduce all kinds of material and labour costs. Quality is a set of characteristics of the object concerning its ability to meet established and anticipated needs. The article deals with the evaluation criteria such as quality image resolution, i.e. the ability to separately observe the image of two very close objects.

The research objective has been to identify activities undertaken by authorities of rural municipalities with the aim of creating a friendly economic and social environment to establish and develop business enterprises. The research was chiefly based on an analysis of primary data collected with the help of a questionnaire designed by the authors, at the turn of 2015/2016. The survey was addressed to mayors of all rural municipalities in Poland (1565 administrative units in Poland). Fully and correctly completed surveys were returned by 770 respondents, which corresponded to a return rate equal 49.2 % (the error of answers from the sample obtained was 3 %). The research objective was achieved by verifying the hypothesis assuming that authorities from rural municipalities where the increase in the number of enterprises between 2009 and 2018 was the highest were more active creating proper conditions for starting and conducting business. Our analysis of the collected empirical material provided evidence that confirmed the above assumption. The study shows that the authorities of municipalities where there was a high rise in the number of business companies between 2009 and 2018 much more often entered into collaboration with other subjects in order to create an optimal environment for conducting business, were more willing to take measures to increase the participation of entrepreneurs in the creation of suitable conditions for the development of business, and formed more positive assessment of the achieved outcomes.

In this article, based on a case study of peripheral region in Poland, the meaning of innovations in regional development was discussed. Empirical studies were made by the usage of diagnostic survey. It consisted of the representative group of business entities localized on the studied area. They were referred to, in chosen aspects of innovative activity which was: level of innovativeness of enterprises, plans of implementation of innovations in future, influence of innovations in operation of enterprises and the most important barriers of conduction of innovation activity. They take into consideration the meaning of external factors influencing the innovativeness of enterprises and regions, it was also rated the possibilities of usage of the sources from the funds of EU by studied entities.