During the British period, there were different kinds of education system to make the retreated women society of Bengal into a leading class. “Zenana” education is one of its education processes. The word, “Zenana” derives from Persian and means “Harem” or inside the household. So, the education system of those women who live in Harem is called “Zenana” education system. Generally, the introduction of home education for the Bengali women began from the middle ages. But the “Zenana” education is the alternate form of the instruction of concealed women which was different from the existing home education system. This cultural education was initiated by the Christian Missionaries in the earlier part of nineteenth century. Later on, the Hindu society of Bengal also took part in it. But neither the opportunity nor the eagerness of taking Zenana Education continued among the Muslim women for a long time. “Dhaka Muslim Friendship Congress” which was established in 1883 started bringing into practice the “Zenana Education” among Muslim women. Later on the British government began patronizing the Zenana education for the Muslim women alongside the Hindu. The present paper examines the rise and development of Zenana education in the Muslim women society in Bengal from 1883 to 1933 on the basis of contemporary official, demo-official source materials. In addition, this paper will brief the reason of abolition of Zenana education system in 1933.
The study aimed at investigating an inclusion complexation technique to improve solubility and dissolution characteristics of carvedilol by successful complexation with β-cyclodextrin. Inclusion complexes (ICs) of drug and β-cyclodextrin were prepared by kneading method in four different ratios. Physical mixtures were also prepared in identical ratios to compare the efficacy of prepared ICs. The preparations were subjected to rheological studies, drug loading, in vitro release study, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal events analysis by DSC, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and accelerated stability study. IC granules were free flowing and compressible. FT-IR study denoted to absence of any chemical interactions between drug and carrier. DSC and X-ray diffraction suggested the presence of crystalline drug in the complexes. Dissolution of ICs revealed significant enhancement of release rate and extent compared to untreated drug. MDT, %DE and T25%, T50% and T80% indicated marked improvement in release rate from complexes. Kinetic modeling suggested that fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of drug release from solid complexes. Stability samples showed no significant alterations in DSC and FT-IR studies that referred to the stability of ICs. ICs were compatible, effective and stable over time. Further studies can be planned to investigate their therapeutic efficacy.
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