Background One of the most common autosomal recessive hereditary blood disorders in the world, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Patients suffering from this disease face physical, emotional, and social problems that lessen their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, this study aimed to determine HRQoL and its determinants of Thalassemia patients (TP) in Bangladesh using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Methods A cross-sectional survey was done on 356 randomly selected TP from the Bangladesh Thalassemia Foundation. Participants were invited to face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and % ages), independent t-test, ANOVA, and Multivariate (linear and logistic regression) analysis were performed on the collected data. Results Our demographic data showed that among 356 patients, 54% and 46% were male and female, respectively, with an average age of 17 years. The majority were transfusion-dependent (91 %), with a quarter of the patients (26%) having comorbidities, and half of the patients (52%) were from low-income families. Therefore, the medical expenses per annum for each patient of 60,000 BDT were a real burden for those patients. In the case of HRQoL, male patients showed significantly higher scores of bodily pains and physical health summaries than female patients. Lower income, high blood transfusion status, disease severity, comorbidities, and medical expenses (p < 0.05; CI 95%) are significantly associated with lower SF-36 scores. Conclusions This study found an association between lower income, blood transfusion, disease severity, comorbidities, and medical expenses and the deterioration of HRQoL among TP. Male patients experienced poorer HRQoL compared to their female counterparts. National action plans are required to guarantee the holistic welfare of thalassemia patients.

Bangladesh is principally an agricultural based country dominated by crop production. In Bangladesh onion mostly use for species which gives aroma taste and flavor to the food materials. The present study was designed to measure supply chain analysis of onion markets and to estimate the value addition of onion in selected areas of two upazilas of Pabna district. Primary data were collected from the onion growing area of Sujanagar upazila and Santhiya upazila under Pabna district. Twenty farmers and fifty traders were selected through purposive sampling and simple random sampling procedure. Simple descriptive methods were used to analyze the data. The major findings of the study reveal that onion production is profitable. In the production and marketing system of Onion, many supply chain actors were involved such as Faria, Bepari, Arathdar, wholesaler and retailer. Marketing of onion produced in Sujanagar and Santhiya upazila was moved from the hands of producers to the hands of consumers through six separate chains. The highest sales price per 40Kg of onion received by retailer was Tk. 1625 and the lowest sales price received by farmer was Tk. 1190. In value chain, highest value (29.14 percent) was added by farmer and lowest value (3.97 percent) was added by Arathder of the total value addition. Farmers had the highest proportion of net marketing margin which was about 42.51 percent of total net marketing margin. Retailers had the second highest portion of net marketing margin of onion. On the contrary, Arathdar had the lowest net marketing margin of onion which was only 3.82 percent of total net marketing margin of onion. The study also identified some problems and constraints faced by the onion farmers and trader suggested some recommendations to improve the present production and marketing situation so that per hectare yield of onion and marketing facilities would possibly be increased.

The synthesis of dirhenium complexes of 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole and 2-(ethylthio)benzothiazole and their X-ray crystal structures are reported. The complexes, [Re2(CO)8{μ,η1,η1-(CH3)SCNSC6H4}] (1) and [Re2(CO)8{μ,η1,η1-(C2H5)SCNSC6H4}] (2) are isolated as orange crystals from the easy displacement of acetonitrile from the labile complex, [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] in moderate yields. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic method, and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The optimized bond lengths and bond angles of the complexes using DFT method are in good agreement with experimental X-ray crystallographic data. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of complexes 1 and 2 were studied with the help of DFT method, and their energy gaps were found 3.08 and 3.13 eV, respectively. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to study the intermolecular interaction, crystal packing, and identification of close contacts in both complexes.

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