This paper presents the circuit model of photovoltaic (PV) module. Simulation and modeling is done using MATLAB/ Simulink software package. The proposed model is user friendly and can be used as a common platform for both applied physics scientist and power electronics engineers. A detailed modeling procedure is presented. The designed model is verified by using STP255-20/Wd PV module. The IV and PV characteristics are simulated at different temperature and irradiance conditions and the results are verified. The proposed model is very simple fast and accurate. The designed model can be used for analysis of PV characteristics and for simulation of maximum power point tracking algorithms. I.

No abstract

Argonne National Laboratory, with facilities in the states of Illinois and Idaho, is owned by the United States government, and operated by The University of Chicago under the provisions of a contract with the Department of Energy. o 'DC O ^ DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government.

Transport and buildings are two principal contributors to climate change. One of the biggest challenges to sustainable urban development in India is the lack of green buildings. The authors look at catalysts and hindrances associated with Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design-Existing Buildings (LEED-EB) as a tool for greening of existing buildings, and determine that prestige, image and reduction in operational costs are major catalysts while better rental value, social responsibility and provision of improved indoor environmental quality are minor to medium catalysts. The high cost of renovation, difficulty in meeting prerequisites and unavailability of required data for LEED-EB submission are presented as the major hindrances. The authors call for sensitization of stakeholders to catalysts and benefits so that the green buildings' movement can be taken forward to have a more sustainable future.交通和建筑是导致气候变化的两个主要因素。印度城市可持续发展面临的最大挑战之一是缺乏 绿色建筑。作者着眼于与既有建筑绿色改造标准(LEED-EB)相关的助力和阻力，LEED-EB作 为一种工具使既有建筑更趋向于绿色建筑，作者还确定信誉、形象、降低运营成本是关键性助 力，而更好的租价、社会责任和改善室内环境质量是较小到中等的助力。改造成本高、难以满 足先决条件以及缺乏LEED-EB评估必需的数据是实施的主要障碍。作者呼吁利益相关者对助力 和收益提高敏感性，使绿色建筑运动可以获得一个更加可持续的未来。

No abstract