We report control of the density of isolated, single functional groups in homogeneously mixed trichloroalkyl silanes on various silica surfaces. The functional groups are covalently bound to a silane derived from the Rink resin. This Rink-silane is reactive to any nucleophile. Control over the density of functional groups is achieved by diluting the immersion solution containing the Rink-silane with an inert silane, octadecyltrichlorsilane. The isolated nature of the functional groups is confirmed by the stochastic blinking of fluorescent single boron-dipyrromethane dyes imaged in total internal reflection geometry. The robust character of silane monolayers allows facile covalent binding and cleavage of molecular species from silica surfaces as well as general synthetic transformations to be conducted. This is shown by the covalent attachment and then cleavage of a naphthalene chromophore. This low-cost and scalable platform has great potential for use in sensing, molecular electronics, semiconductor processing, and the investigation of fundamental processes in catalysis and the kinetics of molecular association.

Aim For a standard of care for diagnosing and treatment planning in dentistry, two-dimensional (2D) imaging modalities such as cephalometric, panoramic, and periapical radiography are used since decades still there are some questions left unanswered in oral diagnosis and treatment planning. Thus, evolution toward three-dimensional technology was desired and cone-beam computed tomography CBCT was introduced. Background As an alternate to standard CT using either spiral-scan geometries or fan beam, the cone-beam geometry was developed to supply more rapid acquisition of knowledge of the entire field of view (FOV) and it uses a cost-effective radiation detector. Results Cone-beam computed tomography use should be based only on the diagnostic information needed as it has improved status of diagnosis and treatment planning of patients. Conclusion The CBCT studies are easier to perform in dentistry if compared with a full-mouth series of radiographs, or in fact even a panoramic radiograph with bitewings and selected periapical images. Clinical significance Cone-beam computed tomography used in various fields of dentistry should be depending upon the case and diagnostic information required. How to cite this article Paul S, Chawla M, Saraf BG, et al. Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Pediatric Dentistry: Case Series and Review. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2020;14(2):62–69.

A bstract Aim and objective To assess the effect of various arch parameters, bigonial angle, and caries occurrence on mandibular incisors crowding during the early mixed dentition period. Materials and methods Sixty children (mean age of 7.5 years) with mandibular anterior incisors crowding and class I molar relationship in early mixed dentition were selected. Bigonial width (BW) and caries occurrence were recorded during patient examination. The study casts were prepared divided into a normal group (NG) and crowded group (CG). Different vertical and transverse arch perimeters along with space available for the permanent mandibular incisors were measured manually. Statistical analysis was done to establish the association of all these variables with two crowding groups. Results The total incisor width or the tooth material was significantly more, and all arch parameters were less in measurements in CG than NG. The available space, BW, and caries occurrence did not differ significantly between NG and CG. Conclusion The amount of tooth material and individual variations in arch parameters significantly contribute to mandibular anterior crowding in the early mixed dentition period irrespective of the age and gender of the child. Clinical significance All cases of early mixed dentition mandibular incisors crowding should be individually assessed for arch length discrepancy, and transverse discrepancy results of this study help in the prediction of crowding before an establishment of a customized treatment plan with the use of lingual arch or lip bumper appliances in patients with anterior mandibular crowding may be valuable. How to cite this article Paul S, Garg S, Saraf BG, et al. Arch Measurements, Bigonial Width, Dental Caries, and Their Effect on Occurrence of Mandibular Incisors Crowding in Early Mixed Dentition Period. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-1):S57–S62.

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A supernumerary tooth is outlined as an additional tooth in distinction to traditional series of the dentition.Mesiodens may cause permanent incisor eruption to be delayed or ectopic, altering occlusion and appearanceAs a result, it is essential for a health professional to diagnose mesiodens early in its development stage in order to provide optimal and minimal management. Interceptive therapies should be started as soon as possible after the clinical diagnosis of an irregular eruption pattern. Surgical removal of the mesiodens should be planned to avoid unfavourable outcomes.