Background:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common side effect in patients who receive intravenous sedation infusion. In routine care, after starting sedation infusion for patients who receive mechanical ventilation, interruption of sedation starts without protocol. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily sedation vacation protocol on the incidence of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients.Materials and Methods:In this clinical trial study, 80 patients with intravenous sedation infusion were selected and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, daily sedation vacation protocol and in the control group, routine sedation vacation was followed. Modified clinical pulmonary infection score questionnaire was completed before intervention and on the third, fourth, and fifth days after intervention. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square, and independent t-test.Results:The results of this study showed that the incidence rate of VAP in the intervention and control groups was 0% versus 15% on the third day of intervention, 12.5% versus 50% on the fourth day, and 27.5% versus 55.3% on the fifth day of intervention in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The incidence of VAP in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The results of this study showed that in patients with intravenous sedation, infusion of a daily sedation vacation protocol may reduce the incidence of VAP. Therefore, in order to prevent VAP, nurses are recommended to use this daily sedation vacation protocol.

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SUMMARY The V-groove joint of thick wall intersecting pipes must be filled by multi-layer weld. The welding path of intersecting pipes is complicated, and hence multi-layer welds increase the complexity of the problem. This paper proposes a methodology for path planning of multi-layer weld of thick wall intersecting pipes. The methodology is based on measuring the electrode pose located in both side and front views of intersecting pipes. In order to compensate for the path deviation around the pipe circumference, the measured values are used to interpolate the path of each pass between two views. The methodology has been applied in a case study. Simulation results approve that multi-layer weld appropriately fills the V-groove joint space around the pipe circumference. In addition, collision avoidance between welding torch and pipes is considered by introducing a safety ring. While the robot wrist moves inside the safety ring, no collision occurs. Simulation results show the robustness of the proposed path planning method, introduced for collision avoidance.