The present study provided the scientific justification about the analgesic properties of the essential oils, extract, and various sub-fractions obtained from the resin of B. sacra, thus validating its use in traditional folk medicines and other products; and hence supporting the development in the analgesic properties of bioactive natural substances.

The results indicate that A. graecizans subsp. silvestris has antioxidant potential and can be utilized as a natural source of antioxidant.

There are about 585 Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) markets which were linked to Electronic National Agricultural Market (eNAM) in 14 states in India by 2018. There was a slow but definite increase in the adoption of eNAM by the stakeholders. There has been no detailed study so far on the impact of eNAM on prices received by farmers and bottlenecks faced in introducing this e-market platform in the existing markets. This article fills this research gap. The econometric results show that there has been an increase in prices received by the farmers and more markets have linked to eNAM due to the introduction of e-auction. Other benefits of eNAM include timely online payment of sale proceeds to the farmer’s bank account and reduced chances of collusion among traders. However, on the flipside, due to lack of quick assaying facilities, participation of distant traders has not picked up, which has resulted in no significant increase in competition. There is a need for increasing the participation of the stakeholders through formation of farmers groups, private sector participation in the maintenance of eNAM, convincing the traders and commission agents to use eNAM and linking warehouses and rural periodical markets to eNAM to increase the scale, scope and efficiency of market operations.

Objective: To study the correlation of hearing loss with depression, anxiety and stress in patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media in local population of Pakistan. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May to September 2018 at tertiary care hospital of Karachi. One hundred and twenty patients of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into three groups: Group-1 (maintained on ciprofloxacin), Group-2 (maintained on co-amoxicillin) and Group-3 (did not subject to the treatment).The measurement of hearing loss was carried out by pure tone audiometry (PTA) and the depression, anxiety and stress were scored taking depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) as tool. To observe the effect of hearing loss on different groups one way ANOVA was applied and Spearman correlation was used to find correlation of depression with hearing loss. Results: There was no significant difference found for hearing loss and severity among the groups treated with ciprofloxacin, co-amoxicillin and not maintained on antibiotic therapy. Positive correlations found between hearing loss and depression, anxiety and stress in patients of the three groups. Conclusion: Depression induced by hearing loss as a result of CSOM in patients need to be monitored during and after treatment and scored so that can be treated by counseling and antidepressant (if required). Information regarding this topic on population of Pakistan will be helpful for health care takers and policy makers to manage mental stress with hearing loss in CSOM. How to cite this:Mehboob S, Rafi SMT, Ahmed N, Mehjabeen. Association of hearing loss with depression, anxiety and stress in patients suffering from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.152 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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