Verticillium dahliae Kleb. with a complicated genetic diversity is a widely distributed major pathogen resulting in cotton wilt, which causes high economic losses in cotton lint production in the cotton belt of Turkey. A collection of 70 Turkish V. dahliae isolates (68 from wilted cotton plants in 28 districts and two from watermelon plants in two districts) were tested for vegetative compatibility by observing heterokaryon formation among complementary nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants. The mutants were tested against international reference tester isolates and also were paired with one another. Thirty-nine isolates were assigned to vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 2B, 19 to VCG2A and three to VCG4B. One isolate was self-incompatible and eight others could not be assigned to any of the identified VCGs because their nit mutants showed negative reactions with the tester isolates of four VCGs or their nit mutants reverted back to the wild type. This is the first report of VCGs in V. dahliae from cotton in Turkey.
In the last 20 years, seven different Phytophthora species (P. cambivora, P. hibernalis, P. citrophthora, P. capsici, P. cactorum, P. drechsleri and P. infestans) have been determined in Turkey on chestnut, citrus, pepper, strawberry, melon, and potato respectively. Two of them, P. citrophthora and P. capsici, which attack citrus and pepper, are very destructive and have the greatest economic importance. P. citrophthora has caused approximately 15% fruit losses every year and 8–30% infection on a susceptible lemon cultivar in Cukurova region. P. capsici is very dangerous for pepper‐spice and pepper‐paste production because it causes up to 100% drying and killing of pepper plants under conditions of poor drainage and incorrect irrigation practices. P. cambiuora, which causes the ink disease of chestnut, has spread from the Black Sea coast to the Mediterranean; about 20 000 chestnut trees have been killed by this organism from 1952 to 1970. Recently, P. infestans on potato is achieving importance, as the potato area increases. The other species of Phytophthora do not have any economic importance and only first records have been noted.
Aflatoksin bulaşması yerfıstığı ve ürünlerinde rastlanan önemli sorunlarından biridir. Bu çalışmada Osmaniye'de yetiştirilen yerfıstığı ürününde farklı dönemlerdeki toplam aflatoksin seviyelerinin ve bu toksin oluşumları için kritik dönemlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 2010-2011 yılları arasında Osmaniye'de deneme ve araştırma alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Yerfıstığı tanelerinin toksin analizi için hasat, hasat sonrası, kurutma ve depo öncesi olmak üzere toplam 4 dönemde örnekler alınmıştır. Toplam aflatoksin oluşumları CD-ELISA (Competitive Direct-Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assays) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Toksin analizleri sonucunda, deneme alanında bez üzerinde kurutulan 96 yerfıstığı örneğinde aflatoksin kirliliği saptanmazken, araştırma alanlarında toprak zemin üzerinde kurutulan 42 yerfıstığı tane örneğinin 41'inde 0.1-9.0 µg kg -1 arasında toksin bulaşıklığı belirlenmiştir. Aflatoksin kirliliği içerdiği belirlenen 18 adet yerfıstığı tane örneğine IAC-HPLC (Immunoaffinity Chromatography-Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) uygulanmıştır. Her iki yöntemle belirlenmiş aflatoksin kirlilikleri birbirine çok yakın değerler olmuştur. Aflatoksin düzeyleri; kurutma ve depo öncesi dönemde, hasat ve hasat sonrasına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, kurutma ve depo öncesi evrelerinin aflatoksin oluşumu için kritik dönemler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
grafted on resistant sour orange stocks, show high incidence of infection in the Resistance of 70 citrus genera, species, and cultivars to Phytophthora citrophthora was eastern Mediterranean area. This paper investigated during winter dormancy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.