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Abstract-This study measures the production efficiencies and total factor productivity changes of Hazelnut Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Unions (HASCUs) in Turkey over the period [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Turkey produces %78.2 hazelnut production of world and gives service to 233,820 farmers in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. To measure production efficiencies of these units, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach and Malmquist Productivity Indexes are used. In the our efficiency analysis, the data of 50 HASCUs is considered but only the data of 37 cooperative units is found appropriate for the DEA. The findings of our study show that the average annual technical efficiency scores of HASCUs change between 0.841 and 0.938. It has also been observed that there are average annual %1.3 improvements in technical efficiency, 3% regress in technical change, and %1.7 decreases in the total factor productivity of the HASCUs over the period 2004-2008.

<p>The linkage between electricity consumption, internet demand and economic growth is aimed to investigate in this study in 35 OECD countries for the period 1993-2014. Panel cointegration, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality tests were performed to capture the potential long-run and causal linkages among the three variables. The findings from the FMOLS and DOLS models indicate a positive linkage between electricity, internet demand and economic growth in the long-run. Results from the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality confirm feedback causality between electricity consumption and internet demand and unilateral causality running from economic growth to electricity consumption.</p>

Candemir, M. and Koyubenbe, N. 2006. Effkiency analysis of dairy farms in the province of Izmir (Turkey): data envelopment analysis (DEA). J. Appl. h i m. Res., 29: 61-64. The production efficiency of dairy farms based on cross section data of 2003 covering 80 farms chosen by the method of proportional sampling, was determined by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using three outputs and seven inputs. Fortynine percent of the dairy farms appeared to be fully efficient according to the assumption of constant return to scale (CRS), The average efficiency indices obtained under CRS and variable return to scale (VRS) were 0.934 and 0.954, respectively. Mean scale efficiency, on the other hand, was 0.978. Out of the selected dairy farms 21.2% were observed to be efficient in measuring the efficiency of single output milk production. Average efficiency indices under CRS and VRS and scale efficiency index were measured to be 0.782, 0.832 and 0.938, respectively. This information will contribute to extensive dairy farm projects to be carried out in future.

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