It is generally considered to be safer for the environment to repair a malfunctioning product for further reuse than to dispose of it and replace it with a newly manufactured product, unless the product is being replaced with a more energy efficient alternative. However, whereas United States has long been labelled a 'throwaway society', this paper presents the results of an international consumer survey which demonstrates that as other nations develop with respect to GDP per Capita (Gross Domestic Product per Capita), they too start transitioning into throwaway societies. This transition then calls into account of just how environmentally damaging this practice will become.consumption behaviour, replacement, repair, sustainability, throwaway society

Determining financial assets for investment is a significant problem for investors. Especially, since it is riskier in comparison with other financial assets, selecting common stock is not only important for investors but also, it is a complicated decision-making process, because, although they agree to accept a risk, common stock investors tend to keep the risk they undertake at a given level. With this purpose, investors prefer to conduct various analysis and predictions to decide which common stocks they will invest. In this study, by using micro and macro variables, which have been determined with a fundamental analysis approach, a common stock selection is conducted for nine different corporations doing activities in ten lines of business in Borsa Istanbul. In the study, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), which is developed in the framework of Grey System Theory, is used as a mathematical model. Therefore, a conclusion is obtained about which parameters are more important in selecting a common stock, and the efficiency of GRA Method is tested.

Türkiye borsa endeksleri ve Gelişmekte Olan Piyasa Endeksidir. Çalışmada, belirtilen endeks getirileri arasındaki volatilite yayılımı ve varyans değişimi incelenmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz sonuçlarına göre i) AR parametre değerleri piyasalarda yaşanan şokların ardından borsaların getiri hacimlerinde kalıcı sapmaların ortaya çıktığını göstermektedir. ii) piyasalardaki değişimin açıklanmasında kullanılan determinasyon katsayılarının oldukça düşük düzeylerde tahmin edilmesi, piyasaların tümünün zayıf formda etkin olduklarına işaret etmektedir. iii) şokların volatilite üzerindeki asimetrik etkisini ifade eden kaldıraç etkisi; Meksika ve Rusya piyasaları için oldukça yüksek elde edilmiş-negatif şokların pozitif şoklara göre volatiliteyi sırasıyla 5.71 ve 5.01 kez arttırdığı-ve piyasalar arasında volatilite yayılım mekanizmasının asimetrik olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. (iv) Brezilya ve Türkiye için piyasalar arası volatilite yayılma etkisi simetrik ancak anlamsız olarak elde edilmiş ve (v) Gelişmekte Olan Piyasa Endeksi öncül endeks olarak belirlenmiştir.

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Investing in developed markets offers investors the opportunity to diversify internationally by investing in foreign firms. In other words, it provides the possibility of reducing systematic risk. For this reason, investors are very interested in developed markets. However, developed are more efficient than emerging markets, so the risk and return can be low in these markets. For this reason, developed market investors often use machine learning techniques to increase their gains while reducing their risks. In this chapter, artificial neural networks which is one of the machine learning techniques have been tested to improve internationally diversified portfolio performance. Also, the results of ANNs were compared with the performances of traditional portfolios and the benchmark portfolio. The portfolios are derived from the data of 16 foreign companies quoted on NYSE by ANNs, and they are invested for 30 trading days. According to the results, portfolio derived by ANNs gained 10.30% return, while traditional portfolios gained 5.98% return.