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Researchers have studied on alternative fuels that can be used with gasoline and diesel fuels. Alternative fuels such as hydrogen, acetylene, natural gas, ethanol and biofuels also uses in internal combustion engines. Hydrogen in the gas phase is about 14 times lighter than the air. Moreover, it is the cleanest fuel in the world. On the other hand because of its high ignition limit (4-75%), low ignition energy, needs special design to use as pure hydrogen in internal combustion engines. It is proved that hydrogen improves the combustion, emissions and performance, when is added as 20% to fuels. Natural gas is generally consisting of methane (85-96%) and it can be used in both petrol and diesel engines. Ethanol can be used as pure fuel or mixed with different fuels in internal combustion engines. In this section, the effects of natural gas, hydrogen, natural gas + hydrogen (HCNG), ethanol, ethanol + gasoline, ethanol + hydrogen, acetylene, acetylene + gasoline mixtures on engine performance and emissions have been examined.

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