<p><strong>Objectives:</strong>  The present study is to see the effects of human exposure to selected pesticides on their liver and kidney function as well as variations in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were studied.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong>  </strong>The study group consisted of 88 participants selected through purposive sampling technique and participated voluntarily. Sixty one pesticides vendors (male; mean age: 33.82 ± 11.5 years) and a control group consisting of 27 healthy male (mean age: 31.04 ± 11.96 years).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong>  </strong>Mean levels of total proteins (TP, g/dl), albumin (g/dl) and BChE (u/l) were significantly lower in pesticide exposed individuals than those of control group [6.96 ± 1.45 vs. 8.75 ± 1.05 (total protein); 3.47 ± 0.76 vs. 4.37 ± 0.23 (albumin); 4213.20 ± 1128.96 vs. 5955.90 ± 623.16 (BChE, u/l), <em>P </em>&lt; 0.001]. Among the pesticide vendors, urea (<em>P &lt; </em>0.01) and ALT (alanine amino transferase) (<em>P &lt; </em>0.05) concentrations were increased and BChE (<em>P </em>= 0.001) level decreased significantly in smokers than in non-smokers. Pesticide vendors having longer exposure time to pesticides had significantly higher levels of urea (<em>P &lt; </em>0.05) and ALT (<em>P &lt; </em>0.01) but had lower levels oftotal proteins (<em>P &lt; </em>0.01) and BChE <em>(P </em>= 0.001). Vendors who were not using proper protective measures showed significant increase in ALT (<em>P &lt; </em>0.01) level and decrease in total proteins (<em>P &lt; </em>0.05) and BChE <em>(P </em>= 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong>  </strong>The results of this study suggest that human exposure to pesticides has adverse effects on total proteins, albumin, urea, ALT, and BChE; these biomarkers were useful in studying adverse effects of pesticides in humans.</p>

Background: In recent decades, use of pesticides in agricultural practices has posed threat to human population. Objectives: Present research was designed to explore the adverse effects of insecticides on 339 individuals (study group farmers n = 256 and control n = 83) selected from 62 different sites of central Punjab. The sample was matched on socio-economic status and age. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to