Background Dentistry is a fascinating occupation but entails its own set of challenges. Long-term work and job stress can negatively impact dentists' physical and mental health, as well as their quality of life. The current study aimed to examine the professional quality of life of dentists who work in public and private healthcare facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 68 dentists. Data was collected using standard professional quality of life questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA, and a linear regression model. Results Participants' mean total professional quality of life score was 63.53, with a standard deviation of 18.29. As indicated by their scores, 27.9% (19 people) had a low level of professional quality of life, 20.6% (14 people) had an average level, and 51.5% (35 people) had a high level of professional quality of life. There was a significant relationship between income and type of organizational activity (P >0.05). Discussion Our result showed that more than half of dentists had a high level of professional quality of life. Considering the relationship between activity and income and the quality of life of public-sector dentists, it seems necessary to develop plans to improve the quality of their lives.