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Nowadays electricity is one of the most significant requirements and base of life facilities. Any interruption in supplying and providing power, like widespread blackouts will cause irreparable effects on different aspects of a society. Technology increasing progress provides remote control and monitoring of power grid through the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and substation automation which decreases the costs of power transition and control, increases the efficiency and motivates to smart grid. These kinds of technologies create new opportunities to remote monitoring and control of the power substations and equipment for the regional electricity companies. Some of these achievements have been used before but modern systems provide more facilities in operation and maintenance of power system. It is noticeable that this opportunity may convert to threat if cyber security encounters with lack of attention in the smart grid. Therefore, providing sensitive and secure equipment is one of most significant and vital problems to increase the cyber safety and decrease cyberattack risk in the smart grid. Therefore the facilities equipment, their risks and vulnerabilities should be detected and appropriate methods should be propounded to encounter with these problems. In this paper, substructures of smart grids are firstly discussed. After this introduction, threats, risks and security requirements will be considered in the smart grid. In the following, different types of cyber-attacks and the best architectural and security strategies will be offered.

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Power system faces a big problem of distribution losses. In this paper an attempt is made to reduce the distribution losses in a commercial section in Mashhad. The first step in power loss minimization procedure is loss calculation which is a common tool to optimize the design, operation and planning of the electrical network. In this paper calculation and analysis of distribution losses is fulfilled in a commercial section in Mashhad. Two methods are introduced, utilized and compared for power loss calculations: "Field measurement" and "Simulation study". Afterward some techniques are utilized to minimize technical and non-technical power loss of the studied section. Technical loss is minimized by complete removal of low voltage network and non-technical loss is minimized by Implementation of AMI system. Finally the results of power loss reduction indicate proper planning of this project.

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