In this study, Fritillaria arsusiana (Liliaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Hatay province in southern Anatolia, Turkey. It is related to F. amana and F. hermonis by habitus features and broadly campanulate flowers, but differs mainly by its bulb shape and size, smaller leaf and flower features, and flower colour. It has also been morphologically compared with F. wendelboi, F. pinardii, and F. latakiensis. The detailed description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and phenology, etymology, conservation status, and identification key of the new and the related species are presented in this study. IUCN conservation status of F. arsusiana is suggested as Critically Endangered (CR).

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Fritillaria avromanica is described as a new species from Iran based on specimens collected from Hawraman. Taxonomic descriptions, illustrations, geographical distribution, habitat, ecology, and conservation status of the new species and the closely related F. assyriaca and F. melananthera are provided. In addition F. melananthera is given the rank of species, rather than being subspecies of F. assyriaca. The differences between F. melananthera and F. assyriaca are discussed with pollen and chromosomal characteristics.

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