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Objectives: to study the impact of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid dysfunction on the pathogenesis of gallstones and their compositions. Methodology: a study is applied including measuring of TSH levels in serum blood of (100) patients with gallstones diagnosed by sonographically or current cholecystectomy (April 2009 - April 2011) with regarded to the differences between sex of patients and predominated of gallstone type with age. The researcher used statistical analysis) Chi X2 test ( to the data. Results: the search results showed significant increase in the rate of pathogenesis in female, but TSH levels is higher in male than female (p < 0.001). And cholesterol gallstone type is predominated (p < 0.0001). Current results were stated that the thyroid dysfunction had a role in the formation of gallstones. Conclusion: there is a significant association between the gallstones and thyroid dysfunction Recommendations: the study recommends that must handling and treatment the thyroid dysfunction and hormonal dysfunction especially TSH.

The infestation with amoebic dysentery and giardiasis in the intestine play an important role in the human health deficiency in Al-Najaf since the infections may lead to gastroenteritis in human. To learn about the range of extending amoebic dysentery and giardiasis in people ( male and female ) which their ages range (1-50 ) years old this study was established for 7 months (January 2018  to July 2018) in  Al-Najaf. A total of 377 patient examined  in this study,119 infections Giardia lamblia and 258 infections Entamoeba histolytica, Results indicated that the highest infection was 16.3  in age range (31-40 ) in male patients infected with giardiasis,  and in amoebic dysentery also the highest infection was 17.8  in age range (31-40)  in  male . its referred that no significant differences between Entamoeba  histolytica and Giardia lamblia  according to age (31-40)  in  male. As The results indicated that the rate of infection in males is higher than females in all age and in both parasites. The results recorded the highest rate of infection in both parasites during the months of the study  in July reaching 12.9 in Giardia lamblia and 19.2 in Entamoeba histolytica , This is evidence of significant differences between Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica in infections during the months of the study, Where the rate of infection was increased in the amoebic dysentery reaching(16.3 in April),(19.4 in May and June) and (19.7 July ) respectively.

This study was conducted to detect the presence of some active compounds in the extract of Alhagi maurorum plant, which was extracted by soxhlet using methanol as a solvent. The chemical survey showed the presence of glycosides, tannins, alkaloids and phenolic in the studied plant. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract had been studied in vitro by two methods , albumin denaturation inhibition test and hemolysis stimulated by heating test and results showed the effectiveness of the Alhagi maurorum plant extract with compared to standard medicine (Aspirin) and negative control groups.