Abstract. Achmad DS, Gani S, Ardiansyah W, Mokoginta MM, Nurdin MS, Jompa J, Indrianti MA, Achmad N. 2022. Population dynamics of reef fish in the Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5217-5226. The grouper stocks in Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia, are dominated by orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus). However, the Kwandang Bay grouper fishery is currently experiencing serious challenges due to population decline resulting in a decline in both the average size of fish caught and the production volume. This study was conducted in Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, from January to December 2021. The population dynamics parameters estimated were growth, recruitment, mortality, exploitation rate and yield per recruit. The results showed that the total length (TL) of E. coioides and P. leopardus ranged from 16.50-101 cm and 17.90-60 cm, respectively, with Von Bertalanffy K-coefficients of 0.38 and 0.69, respectively. Recruitment occurred during most of the year, with respective recruitment value ranges of 0.99-17.11% and 0.08-19.22%. Natural and fishing mortality was 0.69/year-1 and 0.87/year-1 for E. coioides, 1.16/year-1 and 1.47/year-1 for P. leopardus. Beverton and Holt yield per recruit analysis indicated recruitment overfishing of both E. coioides and P. leopardus. Fishing regulations are needed to maintain a sustainable grouper fishery, including a 25% reduction in fishing vessels and gear, to enable the groupers of Kwandang Bay to spawn at least once during their life cycle.

Orange-spotted grouper is one of the coral reef fish has the economic value and exploited by local fisherman. Information about the size structure and sex ratio are urgent to formulate a policy for sustainability. This research aims to analyze the size structure and sex ratio of the orange-spotted grouper in Kwandang Bay. The research was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017. Sampling is carried out twice a month for one year. The total sample of orange-spotted grouper used for the analysis of the sex ratio was 149 individuals. Sample of orange-spotted grouper collected from fish landed and middlemen (grouper traders) at the Kwandang Fishing Port. Data analysis applying chi-square. The results show that males bigger than females. The sex ratio of orange-spotted grouper is 87.25 % female, 7.38 % male, and 5.37 % hermaphrodites. Orange-spotted grouper dominated by females and undergoes a gonad differentiation to male (protogynous hermaphrodite). It is concluded that The size of the male orange-spotted grouper is larger than that of the female grouper. The caught orange-spotted grouper is dominated by the female phase and undergoes a differentiation of the gonad from female to male (protogynous hermaphrodite)

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kayubulan Kecamatan Batudaa Pantai Kabupaten Gorontalo. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan program PUAP, dampak program PUAP terhadap produktivitas jagung dan pemilihan strategi pemberdayaan petani melalui program PUAP. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 100 orang petani anggota kelompok petani penerima dana BLM PUAP tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengembalian dana program PUAP oleh petani masih rendah yaitu sebesar 32%. Hasil analisis uji-t berpasangan menunjukkan bahwa program PUAP memberikan dampak yang signifikan (nyata pada taraf kepercayaan 95%) terhadap produktivitas usahatani jagung dibandingkan sebelum menerima dana program PUAP. Pelaksanaan program PUAP kepada petani jagung memiliki kelebihan yang sangat dirasakan oleh petani disamping terdapat potensi ancaman (tantangan). Petani sangat merasakan keberadaan program PUAP sebagai salah satu penyedia permodalan usahatani jagung. Namun demikian rendahnya tingkat pengembalian dana program oleh petani berpengaruh pada keberlanjutan program itu sendiri.   Abstract This research was conducted in Kayubulan Village, Batudaa Pantai sub district, Gorontalo district. The purpose was to determine the implementation of Rula Agribusiness Development program, the impact of the program on corn productivity and the selection of farmers' empowerment strategies. It was conducted on 100 members of farmers groups who received Rural Agribusiness Development Program BLM funds in 2008. The results showed that the returns from the program by farmers were still low at 32%. The results of paired t- test analysis showed that the program had a significant impact (real on the 95% confidence level) on corn farming productivity compared to before receiving the program funds. The implementation of the program for corn farmers has advantages that are satisfying the farmers with the potential threats (challenges). Farmers were satisfied with the existence of the program as one of the capital providers for corn farming. However, the low rate of return of programs influences the sustainability of the program itself.

Nowadays, land management requires a paradigm recondition towards wise behavior in utilizing natural resources. An alternative that can be consistently applied to support this is the application of agroforestry patterns. The purpose of this service is to provide counseling, training, and assistance to the community in agroforestry development. This activity was carried out in Dulamayo Barat Village, Telaga District, Gorontalo Regency. The method used is focused discussion and group training. The procedural activities are divided into three stages, namely planning (observation and socialization), implementation (counseling, training, and fostering productive activities), and evaluation stages (reviewing the participation of agroforestry developing communities). The results obtained in this service activity are: (a) observation activities describing the existence of forest destruction, monoculture patterns, cultivation without land cover, and low socio-economic aspects; (b) socialization is carried out to the village government to establish cooperation and request support in community empowerment; (c) extension is carried out by providing material on the prospects for agroforestry development; (d) the training content provides reinforcement for the community to choose a combination pattern of agroforestry and top grafting; and (e) the evaluation phase shows that 60% of the community participated in planning-implementation, and 47% participated in the evaluation of the agroforestry program.

Agroforestry is a farming system that is carried out by integrating agricultural crops with forestry crops. This research was conducted in Boalemo District in April 2018. The purpose of this study was to calculate the total income of agroforestry farming. Data were analyzed using a method of analyzing farm income for each crop commodity, while total income was derived from the accumulation of income for each commodity. The results showed that agroforestry in Boalemo was classified as simple agroforestry and early agroforestry with agrisilvikultur type. Total agroforestry income (PTA) is Rp.205.055.153/ha/year, with a total revenue Rp. 249.280.098/ha/year and the total cost of Rp. 44.224.945/ha/year.