Tumor progression is supported by the lymphatic system which should be scanned efficiently for tumor staging as well as the enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Poor resolution and low sensitivity is a limitation of traditional lymphatic imaging modalities; thus new noninvasive approaches like nanocarriers, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, and quantum dots are advantageous. Some newer modalities, which are under development, and their potential uses will also be discussed in this review.

The objective of this review article is to explain the factors responsible for damaged mitochondria and its association with Alzheimer?s disease. Alzheimer?s disease (AD) is fairly produced by dysfunctional mitochondria that are alternatively caused by excessive reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. In the pathogenesis of AD, there is important role of many factors including amyloid-beta peptide (A ), tau-proteins, and mutations in presenilin-1. Additionally, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants have also been explained because of their significance to mitochondrial alterations in AD. Moreover, alteration in mitochondrial dynamics is responsible for the generation of segregated, damaged mitochondria that are, later on, destroyed through mitochondrial autophagy in AD. Finally, various novel models used for studying Alzheimer?s disease, have been discussed.

Ixeris sonchifolia Hance, a normal perennial herb, has effects on appendicitis, headache, menstruation, blood circulation, blood stasis, pain, fibrinolytic enzymes, thrombus formation, coronary artery, myocardial infarct size, PGI2, ET, TXA2, TNF-,?IL-6 and IL-8, etc . However, there was no full coverage about the molecular basis and gene targets of Ixeris sonchifolia injection. PubChem Database and DAVID Database had been used conjunctively to detect the gene IDs, gene targets and their functions. There were 3008 genes found in the final results, 16 kinds of definite functions had been detected, 9 of which had been proved and the effects were focused on the psychological, immune, neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular and cancer functions. Ixeris sonchifoliahad a wide effects on various symptoms, which had been reported by previous experiments and verified by this research; however its influences on aging, chemdependency, developmental, normalvariation, reproduction, pharmacogenomic and psychologic functions should be confirmed in the future experiments.