Objective: To compare chemotherapy combined with intermittent microwave ablation and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Results: In the experimental group (n = 34), the total effective rate (CR+PR) was 70.59% vs. 36.36% in the control group (n = 33) (χ 2 =7.890, P < 0.01). The score of KPS in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, indicating obvious difference (P < 0.05). The median PFS in the control group and the experimental group was (3.6 ± 0.2) months and (5.4 ± 0.1) months (χ 2 = 42.731, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference that the incidence of pneumothorax and blood sputum in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (χ 2 = 6.031, P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found regarding other common complications of microwave ablation and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Chemotherapy combined with intermittent microwave ablation is superior to chemotherapy alone in improving the rate of disease control and the quality of life of patients, as well as prolonging the PFS of patients.Methods: A total of 34 cases of oligometastatic NSCLC who received chemotherapy with intermittent CT guided microwave ablation and 33 cases of oligometastatic NSCLC patients who received chemotherapy only were enrolled. The efficacy and the adverse effects were evaluated. www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, Advance Publications 2018