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Background Cultural beliefs strongly affect the practice of breastfeeding. Interpretations of cultural beliefs change over time, particularly among modern parents; however, knowledge of these changes is limited. Aim To explore cultural beliefs related to breastfeeding and modern Indonesian parents' perceptions. Methods This article reports on the cultural beliefs about breastfeeding from an ethnographic study of 23 participants. Data were collected using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and observations, and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Analysis revealed four main themes: ‘suggested food and behaviour’; ‘restricted food and behaviour’; ‘consequences of avoiding taboos’ and ‘the dynamic change in cultural beliefs’. Conclusions Healthcare providers can use the results of this study to develop a culturally sensitive educational programmes that are congruent with modern parents' needs.

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Glucose biosensors based on porous material of alginate cryogel has been developed, and the cryogel provides a large surface area for enzyme immobilization. The alginate cryogel has been supplemented with NiFe2O4 nanoparticles to improve the electron transfer for electrochemical detection. The fabrication parameters and operational conditions for the biosensor have also been optimized. The results showed that the optimum addition of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles to the alginate solution was 0.03 g/mL. The optimum operational conditions for the electrochemical detection were a cyclic voltammetry scan rate of 0.11 V/s, buffer pH of 7.0, and buffer concentration of 150 mM. The fabricated alginate NiFe2O4 nanoparticles cryogel-based glucose biosensor showed a linear response for glucose determination with a regression line of y = 18.18x + 455.28 and R² = 0.98. Furthermore, the calculated detection limit was 0.32 mM and the limit of quantification was 1.06 mM.