Introduction:Iodine is considered to be one of the most essential micronutrients for the normal physical and mental development of human beings. However, little is known about households' use of iodized salt and associated factors. Objectives:This study was to assess the proper utilization of iodized salt at the household level and associated factors in Hetosa District, Southeast Ethiopia, 2019. Methods:A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 20 up to September 15/2019 in rural Hetosa District, Arsi Zone, and east-south Ethiopia. A total of 603 households were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected employing structured and pre-tested questionnaires by face -to -face interview technique. The use of iodized salt at the household level was tested with the iodine rapid test kit. The data were checked, coded and entered into Epi Info Version 7 and export to SPSS version 21 for analysis.Result: A total of 596 participants were included in this study. The availability of adequately iodized salt was 61.1%. The proportion of proper utilization of iodized salt at the household level was 38.4%.Formal Educational (AOR=1.688, 95%CI (1.002, 2.846)),Practice of iodized salt use (AOR= 3.352, 95%CI (2.160, 5.202)), Knowledge on use of iodized salt (AOR=2.320, 95%CI(1.437, 3.745)) and level of iodine content in salt (AOR= 1.668, 95%CI (1.071, 2.597)) were statistically significant to utilization of iodized salt. Conclusion:Proper utilization of iodized salt remains very low, which was 38.4% in the district and does not meet the national goal. Educational status, level of iodized salt, good knowledge and good practice were significantly associated factors with proper utilization of adequately iodized salt in this study.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy affects both the mother and the fetus and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women in underdeveloped nations. Studies were undertaken in many sections of the nation to assess the prevalence of anemia and predictor variables despite its well-known negative impact on health; however, the topic in Asella has not been well addressed or investigated. Objective: From March 15 to April 15, 2017, pregnant women receiving Antenatal Care services at a public health center in Asella, Ethiopia, were assessed for the prevalence of anemia and its contributing factors. Methods and materials: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire complemented by laboratory tests. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and the Hg test. EPI ENFO version 7.1 was used for data clearing and documentation, and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. The predictors of anemia were found using a logistic regression analysis. To determine the strength of the association, crude and adjusted OR were computed along with their respective 95% CI. P 0.05 was also regarded as statistically significant. Result: The magnitude of anemia was 46.1% in this investigation utilizing a cut level of hemoglobin of 11 g/dl. Anemia was strongly linked with the occupation of merchant (AOR=0.066,95%CI=0.006,0.761), third trimester gestational age (AOR=2.631,95%CI=1.272,5.44), lack of nutrition education (AOR=1.723,95%CI=1.010,2.939), and consumption of wheat as a staple food (AOR=3.288,95%CI=1.765,6.128). Conclusion and recommendation: In the study area, anemia is discovered to be a serious public health issue. A special focus needs to be placed on raising awareness about the consumption of iron-rich and diverse foods among pregnant women and people who work as housewives