No abstract

Management of illness through medication is entering a new era in which growing number of novel drug delivery systems are being employed and are available for therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical research and development is currently focused on the development of drug delivery systems to target a drug to the desired organ or site with the aim of minimizing its overall distribution in the body. The oral mucosa has many properties which make it an attractive site for drug delivery but simultaneously provide several problems for researchers for effective and efficient delivery of therapeutic active agents. However, with the development of novel delivery techniques overcome several challenges. Oral mucosa delivery has many advantageslike high blood flow, rapid recovery, prevention of hepatic first-pass effect and pre-systemic elimation in gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand relatively small surface area and significant loss of drug due to swallowing and salivary flow are main limitations of buccal delivery. Different formulations including sprays, tablets, mouthwashes, gels, pastes and patches are presently used for delivery into and/or across the oral mucosa. Over the last 20 years, a wide range of formulations has been developed for buccal drug delivery systems but unfortunately few have been accomplished to be a medicine. One of the main reasons of this unsuccessful result could be the lack of the standardized methods which evaluate in vitro performance of buccal dosage forms. Thus aim of this review, to discuss the potential of buccal drug delivery and buccal dosage forms and also explore recent studies and in vitro analysesmethodology of buccal dosage forms. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Name: Robert Tungadi  Affiliation: State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia E-mail: rtungadi@yahoo.com   Name: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby Affiliation: Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt E-mail: sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A TOOL FOR THE EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICALS

Amaç: Bu makale, Parkinson Hastalığının oral olmayan tedavisi için Rasagilin mesilat (RM) ağızda dağılan filmlerin (ODF'ler) formülasyon çalışmalarını ve in vitro değerlendirmesini içermektedir. RM, özellikle yoğun hepatik biyotransformasyona uğrayan geri döndürülemez ve yüksek seçiciliğe sahip bir MAO-B inhibitörüdür. Karaciğerde metabolize edilir ve oral biyoyararlanımı yaklaşık %36 ve yarılanma ömrü 3 saattir. Bu özellikler, RM'nin bukkal ilaç dağıtımı için mükemmel bir aday olabileceğini göstermektedir. Yöntem: RM'nin ODF'leri, solvent döküm yöntemiyle PEO kullanılarak hazırlandı. Bu formülasyonlar değerlendirilirken görünüş, ağırlık homojenliği, kalınlık, yüzey pH’ı, ilaç içeriği, şişme oranı, gerilme mukavemeti, mukoadezyon, in vitro ilaç salım çalışmaları ve stabilite gibi parametreler göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Elde edilen sonuçlar, ODF'lerin RM uygulaması için etkili ve uygulanabilir bir yaklaşım olduğunu ve Parkinson tedavisi için mevcut oral dağıtım sistemlerine yeni bir alternatif olabileceğini göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağızda dağılan film, bukkal uygulama, polietilen oksit, rasaJilin mesilat