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With the formation of the world, the radioactivity affected humanity throughout history. The rock beds beneath the soil layer forming natural radioactivity are sources of terrestrial radioactivity. Environmental gamma radiation consists of terrestrial and cosmic sources. The gamma dose rate method is used to determine the radiation emitted by the terrestrial radiation. In this study, the gamma dose rates were determined by conducting measurements at twenty points at intervals of 12 km from Kulakçayırı Lake and its vicinity. Outdoor gamma doses in the air at a height of 1 meter above the ground level were measured using a portable gamma scintillation detector. The measurements were made once per hour. The average outdoor gamma dose values measured at 20 locations measured per hour in the air at an altitude of 1 m was 37.5 nGy / h.

In this work, the LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) and ICP-OES technique has been applied to the determination of total contents of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Na, Mg, K, Ca) in soil samples of Marmara Sea. In order to validate the technique, LIBS data were compared with data obtained on the same soil samples by application of conventional Inductively Coupled Plasma ICP spectroscopy. The partial agreement obtained between the two sets of data suggested the potential applicability of the LIBS technique to the measurement of heavy metals in soils.According to the results, it was seen that the elements determined by ICP-OES analysis were also determined by LIBS method. The LIBS method is an important and practical technique for determining the elements that are enriched with anthropogenic factors as well as the elements resulting from natural processes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals on Holocene sediments in the Southwest Marmara Sea. Accordingly, ten core samples were collected in the investigate area. Heavy metal analyzes were performed using ICP-OS device. In the samples, 28 heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, As, B, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sb, Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, Pb, Hg, Cd, Mo, Pb, Pt, Sn, Se, Hg) concentrations were determined. Comparing the results of the analysis are with World Average Shale Values, max values for Ni, Mn, Cr, Zn and Co were above the World average values. Maximum and minimum Pb, Cu and Fe values are below the mean shale values. The Co concentration was determined above the mean values for both values. Also, the concentrations of heavy metals in the samples taken from the Kor-9 site were at the lowest values compared to other locations. It was seen that there are no settlements, industrial establishments or maritime structures like such as a port in this locality. In places where values are high, wastewaters were originated from settlements, harbor and industrial wastes. These findings indicate that the most important cause of heavy metal contamination is anthropogenic causes.

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