In this study, an unbalanced and practical European low-voltage micro-grid benchmark system is modelled and proposed for the sake of power system frequency studies. The model is adapted from Cigre Benchmark model to integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). As the benchmark system is obtained from the real network, it will enable industrial and academic researchers to do a wide range of sensitivity analyses and design a flexible microgrid for future power system studies. The suitable dynamic modellings of two gas turbines, two battery units, two wind turbines and four photovoltaic panels are selected and appended into the proposed microgrid system. Moreover, the system contains customer loads which are divided into residential and commercial demands. The photovoltaic (PV) units have a total power of 210 kVA. Two wind turbines are Type 4 direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator and nominal apparent power of each of them is 500 kVA. The batteries are respectively rated to 35 kVA and 25 kVA at 0.85 power factor (lagging). The model is stimulated using DIgSILENT Power Factory software. Time domain simulation results in terms of DERs' power outputs, frequency response and Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) following a load event and under discrepant renewable energy penetration levels and inertia amounts are deployed to validate the flexibility of the test system proposed.

The use of renewable energy sources are rapidly increasing as alternatives to conventional sources. As Turkey having a great potential of renewable sources, the consciousness of community is a very significant issue for the development in this area. A survey of renewable energy awareness is conducted in this paper; implemented on university students from multiple disciplines. In order to determine the awareness of students, a validated questionnaire was prepared. The survey depended on gender, age and education parameters of 322 students studying in state/private colleges and universities in Ankara. Thus, the perspective of the undergraduate and graduate students towards renewable energy has been studied. With this study, according to the education, politics, environment and energy factors, assessments are made trying to uncover the relationships between these factors. The data obtained from study were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 statistical software package. As a result, it is clear to say that there is a gradually increasing awareness among university students and a more reliable perception in the society either. This study is especially expected to be useful in determining the renewable energy content of the curriculum for relevant educational institutions and for the development of short and medium-term energy policies for future plans in other institutions.

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