ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY (AT) IS A CONDITION WHEREBY INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCE PAIN AND IMPAIRMENTS AS A RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AT THE ACHILLES TENDON AND NEIGHBORING TISSUES. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES AN EVIDENCE-BASED OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SEQUELA ASSOCIATED WITH AT. THE EVIDENCE UNDERPINNING MORE COMMON TREATMENTS, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS, IS PRESENTED IN AN EFFORT TO MITIGATE THE IMPAIRMENT SEQUELA AND GUIDE SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS IN THEIR CHOICE OF TREATMENTS FOR AT.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a multitude of signs and symptoms that arise from dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (eating), temporomandibular joint tissues, and associated anatomical structures. TMDs are recognized as a significant cause of orofacial pain, presenting in approximately 5-12% of the general population. TMDs are also common in sports with an estimated lifetime prevalence ranging from 11.7 to 77.8% of the athletic population. Basketball, handball, hockey, water polo, and swimming carry the highest risk. Given the prevalence of TMDs in the athletic and nonathletic population, there is a high likelihood that strength and conditioning (S&C) specialists will encounter individuals with TMDs. Thus, this article aims to provide the S&C specialist with an overview of the pathology and the management of TMDs with an emphasis on postrehabilitation exercise programming and selfmanagement.