Background: Pre-gestational or gestational diabetes in pregnancy is now more common among pregnant mothers as a result of the obesity pandemic. Objective: To determine frequency of diabetic and non-diabetic patients having fetal anomalies at 3rd trimester using ultrasound. Methodology: Descriptive study was conducted at radiology department Chughtai Lab, Lahore. About 250 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic pregnant women of all age were included in this study. Consecutive sampling technique was used Data was analyzed by SSPS version 24.0. All quantitative variables were reported in mean ± S.D were presented in frequency and percentage and bar charts were presented. Results: The mean age of 250 participants was 28±5.1 with minimum age of 15 years and maximum age of 45 years. Out of 250 participants, 210(84%) had no Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 40(16%) had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Out of 250 patients, 204(81.6%) had adequate Amniotic Fluid Index value, 27(10.8%) had Oligohydramnios and 19(7.6%) had Polyhydramnios. In our study 16(6.4%) diabetic patients and 26(10.4%) non-diabetic patients have anomalies. Conclusion: The study concluded that frequency of anomalies doesn’t depend on patients being diabetic or non-diabetic. As in our study diabetic patients are lesser anomalies than the non-diabetic patients.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and CT for detection of acute cerebral haemorrahge. Study Design: Comparative Study Place and Duration: Mohiuddin Islamic Teaching Hospital Mirpur AJK for period of six months from 1st August, 2020 to 31stJanuary, 2021. Methodology: A total of 20 patients of both genders with age of 25 years and onward with intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent MRI following CT in the first 6 hours of onset and last known well time and admission in stroke center were included in the study. The follow up time duration for both the scans was 24 hours to 48hours. The Mc-Nemar test was used to determine the comparison between MRI and CT on contingency table. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.26±2.45. The frequency of the male participants was 13(65%) and that of female was 7(35%). All cases were of acute ICH 20(100%). The number of positive cases on MRI and CT scan was 17, while the frequency of positive cases on MRI and negative on CT scan was 3 with the p- value of less than 0.001 and a confidence interval of 95%. (See table 1 for details). The interrater reliability for acute ICH on MRI is from 0.72 to 0.80 on k statistics. The interrater reliability for acute ICH on CT is from 0.83 to 0.92. Conclusion: It is concluded that the findings of MRI scan were more accurate than CT in the detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Keywords: Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, MRI, CT, Diagnostic Accuracy

Detection of benign and malignant liver masses is very important for the treatment. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for hepatic masses taking computed tomography as gold standard Methods: It was cross a sectional analytical study to.it involves 266 patients suffering from hepatocellular cell carcinoma age group 45 to 65 years visiting Department of Radiology THQ Hospital Hazro, both genders were included. Consecutive sampling method was used. The collection of data was done through questionnaire and analysis by using SPSS version 25. Results: This study enlisted the participation of 261 patients. The average age of all patients was 59.28 14 years, with a range of 45 to 65 years. It describes that the total number of true positive disease were 228 which was also detected on ultrasound. However, the occurrence of HCC is highest on CT scan when compared with adenoma and hemangioma. There were 28 patients with multiple lesions, with 71.4 % being malignant and 28.6 % being benign. On the other hand, 22 individuals had a single lesion, of which 36.4% were malignant and 63.6 % were benign (p 0.001). CT had a sensitivity of 96 % to diagnose a malignant lesion, a specificity of 88.4 %, an accuracy of 95.78 %, a positive predictive value of 98.70 %, and a negative predictive value of 73.33 %. Conclusions:  The results of the present study therefore  concluded that CT is a useful  modality for the diagnosis of malignant liver masses.Ultrasound had high sensitivity, specificity for the hepatic masses. females were more effected than males. Among hepatic masses, HCC is the commonest.

Background: MRI had been useful in the diagnosis of ligament injuries and the tears were detected by noninvasive procedure. Objective: To determine the frequency of different ligament tears in knee injury on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted with the sample size of 206 patients of both genders by selecting the convenient sampling from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Out of 206 patients, 157 were males while 49 were females. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 24. The results were derived by mean, frequency and standard deviation. Results: Findings shows that among 206 patients, with in age limit of 12 years to 70 years. 157(76.2%) were males and 49(23.7%) were female while 96(46.6%) were presented with ACL tear, 19(9.2%) were presented with PCL tears, 51(25.7%) were presented with MCL tears, 33(16.0%) patients were presented with LCL tears and all of these 206 patients were suffering from pain. Conclusion: We concluded that males are more prevalent than females and in this population the incidence of ACL tears is more than other ligament tears. Hence, ACL is proved to be the most injured ligament.

Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and remains a major public health problem. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional studies and only highquality studies were included. The searched databases were: Pub Med (2008-2020), Google scholar (2008-2020) and science direct (20082020). The key terms searched were ultrasound imaging, Breast solid mass or lesions, papillary lesions, Fibro-adenoma, breast cancer. Using these key terms, researchers found total 101 studies from the above-mentioned databases. Among these researchers found 56 studies from Google scholars, 11 from science direct and 34 from Pub Med. After this, researchers separated the relevant and irrelevant data. Results: Table 1 shows the Descriptive results of age from 12 studies, 17641 individuals. The mean age was 46.14697 SD 10.56736. The mean Sensitivity was 91.0200 and mean specificity was 89.35. The pooled results of 8 studies and 2612 individuals, out of 2612 individuals we found 1220 (46.71) benign lesions and 1392 (53.29%) malignant lesions are also shown. Conclusions: In conclusion, Ultrasound can differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions to great extent. This technique has the potential ability to altering the handling of cases in where a biopsy may be recommended, but the risk of carcinoma is known to be relatively low. Ultrasound accuracy is recommended as the first option for follow-up examinations of lesions because of its high sensitivity and ability to detect lesions outside of breast density.