At present, the world is suffering from COVID-19, and many countries do not have the conditions to develop a vaccine. Countries that are without the COVID-19 vaccine are still at risk of a worsening epidemic and potential sequelae, people are dying because of inadequate medical resources and medical technology, global distribution of vaccines is therefore imperative. Consequently, the equitable distribution method of vaccines from countries that can produce them to other countries would be a top priority for stabilizing the epidemic worldwide. In order to develop an equitable vaccine distribution scheme, we use literature research method, model analysis method and comparative analysis method. After searching the data and literature, we find a case in the Talmud based on the principle of contested garment, the Talmud Bankruptcy problem. A complete and fair vaccine distribution plan according to the dispute overcoat principle is then made according to the contested garment principle. At the same time, through the comparison with the proportional distribution method, the advantages of the contested garment principle in highlighting fairness can be more prominent. In the discussion section, we show the various factors that influence the distribution of COVID-19 vaccine, encompassing economic and cost factor, political and international relationship factor, priority problem and demographic factor as well as science and technology factor. The model allocation method that we choose cannot consider too many of these realistic factors, but they would more or less affect the final vaccine allocation results. Fair distribution method for new vaccine research can be provided to producing-vaccinecountries a certain consideration that how to distribute surplus vaccine to other countries, also can arouse the attention for fair distribution of vaccine of other relevant personage and organization, accelerate the development and research of more realistic, more feasible vaccine distribution system and their implementation, distinctly promote the outbreak of stability in the world.