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Since the 21 st century, embedded software products have been pervasive in the world we live in, however, this emerging industry is facing many challenges due to its own unique characteristics which distinguish it from nonembedded software development. The other hand, agile software development methods are adopted by organizations worldwide at an increasing speed. It seems meaningful to explore to apply agile methods to embedded software development and in this paper a systematic review was conducted to supply an initial guide to the researchers and industrial readership.

Agile approaches are proved by numerous case studies and reports to be effective and constructive in desktop software development. However, the situation is quite different in the embedded world due to the unique characteristics of the embedded software projects, which bring many difficulties to developers. And little is known about the current application status of agile methods to cope with this special domain. In this paper, a systematic review was conducted to explore the particularity of the embedded software development and the relevant solutions using agile methods and practices. The result will supply a guideline to choose the appropriate agile elements to deal with the challenges derived from embedded characteristics.

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is an effective tool for prioritization of the failures by identifying and eliminating potential risks, free double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (FDHHFLTS) can describe the hesitation more accurately and reasonably by adding the free second hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms, and multiattribute decision-making (MADM) methods have advantages in ranking and selecting different alternatives. By considering the advantages of MADM methods and FMEA model, in this paper, we propose a novel model to evaluate the risk failure modes (FMs) under FDHHFLTS context. First, an extended Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method is proposed to address the risk assessment problems. The proposed risk assessment model is utilized to assess and rank the FMs to address the limitations of the traditional FMEA. Second, a weight determination model is constructed based on the Kemeny Median (KEM) method and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, which can make the weight more practical and effective under the situation of completely unknown weights. Finally, the proposed model is used to the case of logistics enterprises’ risk assessment. The application of the case shows the feasibility of the proposed model, and the comparisons with some existing methods illustrate the advantages of the proposed risk assessment model.