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Mobile roaming authentication scheme achieves the mutual authentication and session key establishment between the mobile user and the foreign agent. In 2013, Xie et al. pointed out that Chen et al. 's scheme is vulnerable to offline password attack, and does not achieve fair session key generation, user untraceability, user friendliness, and perfect forward secrecy, and then they proposed an improved scheme. In this paper, we propose an improvement of Xie et al. 's scheme, since the foreign agent may confuse the mobile users when multiple mobile users simultaneously access the foreign agent in Xie et al. 's scheme. Further, we prove the formal security of the proposed scheme, and present the performance comparison between our scheme and some related schemes. The proposed scheme is more efficient and secure than other related schemes and is suitable for using in the global mobility network.

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Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway, which has the characteristics of recurrent attacks and difficult to cure. Glucocorticoid and bronchodilator are the primary treatment drugs for asthma. Although the treatment has made some progress, the control status is still not ideal. According to clinical reports, the Yi-qi Wen-yang Huo-xue method (YQWYHXM) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is safe and effective in the treatment of BA, but there is not enough evidence to prove it. Based on it, we conducted this systematic evaluation. Methods: Eight databases and Clinical trial registries (Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP, China Clinical Trial Registry and Clinical Trails) were searched from the establishment of those until January 22, 2021 with the following terms for retrieval: BS, TCM, Chinese medicinal herb, Chinese herbal medicine and randomized controlled trial. Data analysis was performed by 2 researchers using RevMan 5.3 and SATA 16.0 separately from the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: This study will be able to provide definitive evidence to clarify all the suspicions we seek, confirming the effectiveness of YQWYHXM in the treatment of adults with BA. Conclusion: This study will prove that YQWYHXM is a safe and effective TCM adjuvant therapy for BA. Registration: Efficacy of Yiqi Wenyang Huoxue method in Treating Adult Bronchial Asthma. Asthma: A protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021256791. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021256791.