China is rich in rare earths (RE). However, the exploitation of rare earths not only promoted the social and economic development, but also produced negative environmental externalities, so the relevant departments issued policies and regulations to carry out pollution control work. This paper made a macroanalysis of China firstly. And then this paper took Jiangxi province as the main research area, which compared with Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Sichuan and Fujian. This paper used the method of non-radial SBM to measure policy execution efficiency. Based on calculating the social and economic development indicator, economic development and social development indicator, this paper explored the feedback correlation of policy execution efficiency and the development of society and economy by grey relational analysis. The results showed that China reduced its dependence on rare earth resources. However, the efficiency of policy implementation needs to be improved. Effective implementation of rare earth industry policy has a feedback effect on social and economic development. From the perspective of case analysis, the implementation efficiency of vegetation destruction policy in Jiangxi province is higher than that of air pollution policy. The overall policy implementation efficiency of Jiangxi province has a strong feedback effect on the overall level of social and economic development, among which the air pollution and water pollution policy implementation efficiency has a relatively obvious feedback effect on social and economic development.