Neutrophils are forerunners to brain lesions after ischemic stroke and exert elaborate functions. However, temporal alterations of cell count, polarity, extra cellular trap formation and clearance of neutrophils remain poorly understood. The current study was aimed at providing basic information of neutrophil functional throughout a time course following stroke with patients and animal study. We found that neutrophil constitution in peripheral blood increased soon after stroke onset of patients, and higher neutrophil count indicated detrimental stroke outcomes. Comparably, neutrophil count in peripheral blood of stroke mice peaked at the 12h after cerebral ischemia, followed by a 1-2d spike in brain lesions. In stroke lesion, clearance of neutrophils peaked at 2d after stroke and extracellular traps were mostly detected at 2-3d after stroke. In neutrophil #

a b s t r a c tEconomic and environmental concerns over fossil fuels encourage the development of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. Due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, energy storage is needed in a stand-alone PV system for the purpose of ensuring continuous power flow. Three stand-alone photovoltaic power systems using different energy storage technologies are studied in this paper. Key components including PV modules, fuel cells, electrolyzers, compressors, hydrogen tanks and batteries are modeled in a clear way so as to facilitate the evaluation of the power systems. Based on energy storage technology, a method of ascertaining minimal system configuration is designed to perform the sizing optimization and reveal the correlations between the system cost and the system efficiency. The three hybrid power systems, i.e., photovoltaic/battery (PV/Battery) system, photovoltaic/fuel cell (PV/FC) system, and photovoltaic/fuel cell/battery (PV/FC/Battery) system, are optimized, analyzed and compared. The obtained results indicate that maximizing the system efficiency while minimizing system cost is a multi-objective optimization problem. As a trade-off solution to the problem, the proposed PV/FC/Battery hybrid system is found to be the configuration with lower cost, higher efficiency and less PV modules as compared with either single storage system.

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This study demonstrates the characteristics of brain MRI abnormalities in Chinese NMO patients, which are helpful to the revision of diagnostic criteria for NMO.