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BackgroundAdnexal torsion is an acute gynecological emergency presenting with acute abdomen which can be missed owing to non-specific symptoms. Among reproductive-age women, conservative surgery is preferred. The present study was a retrospective analysis of adnexal torsion cases reported to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Northern India. The purpose of the study was to describe the demography, clinical features, diagnostic and treatment modalities, and prognosis of adnexal torsion cases. MethodsSurgically proven adnexal torsion case records were retrieved and data were entered in an excel sheet from a period of two and half years from January 2018 to June 2020. ResultsThere were 28 cases with an age range of 7-85 years (median age 24 years) with lower abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting symptoms. The majority were in the reproductive age group (71.4%). A Colour Doppler was done which detected 75% (12/16) of the ovarian torsion cases. The size of the adnexal torsion was 5-10 cm in 60.7% with right-sided torsion seen in 57.14%. Detorsion and salpingo-oophorectomy was done in 14 (50%) and 11 (39.2%) cases, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed hemorrhagic/necrotic infarcts (54.2%) and dermoid cysts (33.3%). ConclusionsOwing to non-specific symptoms, adnexal torsion is diagnosed with strong clinical suspicion as routine ultrasonography diagnosed only 7.1% in the present study. Conservative surgery is preferred in the reproductive age group.

Background: A decreased amniotic fluid volume is frequently one of the first clues to an underlying fetal abnormality or maternal diseased state. Isolated oligohydramnios may occur in late pregnancy in patients with no other high risk factors and diagnosed on routine ultrasound. This study was conducted to assess the effect of oligohydramnios on perinatal outcome at or beyond 34 weeks of gestation with amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤ 5. Methods: 50 cases and equal controls were taken in the study which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A written and informed consent was taken from all the subjects entering into the study. An ultrasound examination was performed on all the subjects entering the study. Phelan method was used for measurement of AFI. Measurement of the deepest pool in each quadrant was summated and AFI was recorded in centimeters. Results: Anthropometric variables were comparable in both the groups. The distribution of non-stress test (NST) and onset of labor was significantly different in both the groups. The presence of meconium stained liquor was non significantly same in both groups. Regarding neonatal outcome, birth weight less than 2.5 kg and APGAR score less than 7 was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. Conclusions: Oligohydramnios (AFI< 5) was associated with more number of preterm deliveries, non-reactive NST, fetal distress and more NICU admissions. More studies are needed for defining threshold levels for measuring AFI.