The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the kinetics, biodistribution, and tumor-depicting properties of three intact indium-111-labeled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and to determine if use of In-111-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of one of them had advantages over its intact counterpart for immunoscintigraphy. Ten patients with prostate cancer were studied with an anti-prostatic acid phosphatase MoAb (PAY-276), with a resultant tumor detection rate of 15%. Twenty-eight patients with melanoma were studied with ZME-018, a MoAb that targets the KD-240 melanoma antigen. Forty-three percent of the known lesions were detected. Forty patients with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing tumors were studied, 24 with intact ZCE-025, and anti-CEA MoAb, and 16 with its F(ab')2 fragment. With use of intact ZCE-025, 34% of known lesions were detected versus 83% with its F(ab')2 fragment. The distribution of each MoAb appears unique unto itself with regard to kinetics, normal tissue distribution, and response to MoAb mass.

We tested whether nuclear imaging with indium111 (111In)-labeled murine monoclonal (MoAb) anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) ZCE-025 antibody could detect recurrent disease in patients with a rising serum CEA level but negative findings for computed tomographic (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis, chest radiograph, and colonoscopy or barium enema. Twenty patients with a history of completely resected CEA-producing adenocarcinoma (18 with colon cancer, one with breast cancer, and one with Hodgkin's disease) and a rising serum CEA level were given an intravenous infusion of 2 mg of 111In-labeled ZCE-025 mixed with 38 mg of unlabeled ZCE-025. Planar and single-photon emission CT (SPECT) scans were acquired at 72 and 144 hours, and in 19 of the 20 patients these were positive. Of those 19, 13 underwent exploratory surgery, and cancer was found in 10, and two had a diagnostic biopsy, which confirmed cancer. Three patients who had negative laparotomies and all four patients who did not undergo surgery or biopsy were followed radiologically. In all seven, cancer was subsequently detected at the sites suggested by the ZCE-025 scan. Thus, tumor was confirmed in all 19 patients with positive scans. Five of 13 patients who were explored benefited from the study and the exploratory laparotomy, as disease was entirely resected in four or was subjected to definitive radiation therapy to the pelvis in the fifth. In two additional patients who were not explored, MoAb imaging resulted in definitive therapy to regionally confined recurrent disease. 111In-labeled anti-CEA MoAb ZCE-025 scanning in patients with rising CEA successfully imaged metastatic colorectal cancer that eluded detection by other methods and affected the care given to some. These results suggest an important role for 111In-labeled ZCE-025 scanning among patients with rising CEA and otherwise occult metastatic cancer.

21 patients with criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 12 normal controls were studied for their spontaneous circulating IgM and IgG plaque-forming cells (PFCs) reactive against sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and against a panel of five haptens. Quantitatively defined active and mildly active SLE patients had significantly elevated IgM- and IgG-producing PFCs in their peripheral blood reactive with the panel of five chemically defined haptens. Those patients having inactive SLE also showed increased circulating IgM PFCs. Significant elevations in circulating hapten-reactive PFCs were found to correlate progressively with disease activity in the inactive, mildly active, and active SLE patient groups. Circulating IgM- and IgG-secreting PFC reactive against SRBC were both significantly elevated only in those patients with active SLE. The data support the concept that SLE patients have a generalized increase in B cell activity against a broad repertoire of determinants, even those ostensibly unrelated to natural tissue antigens.

Even with the advancement of radiologic techniques, metastatic cancers can still be difficult to detect. In this study, 48 patients suspected of having occult metastases were studied by radioimmunodetection following the administration of 92.5 to 181.3 MBq of indium 111-labeled monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody. All but seven patients were thought to have metastatic colorectal carcinoma. In the majority of cases, physical examinations and computed tomographic scans had failed to detect a lesion. At least one lesion that was later proved to exist was detected in 34 of the 50 studies performed on these patients. Seven of eight patients with normal radioimmunodetection scans remain free of disease. One hundred one sites were detected overall; 60 were considered true-positive sites and 27 false-positive sites. Fourteen sites remained in question. Nineteen false-negative sites occurred. Radioimmunoimaging appears valuable for the detection of occult cancer where standard, noninterventional techniques have failed to detect the suspected disease.

The purpose of the research was to determine the activity of Tand B-cell specific protection in dogs 9–13 years old age with benign and malignant tumors of the mammary glands to assess the level of immune response to the pathological process. Assessment of the activity of cellular factors of immunity has been carried out by determining the number of T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs in the reaction of spontaneous rosette formation with ram erythrocytes. The clinical classification and determination of the stage of breast tumors were carried out according to the TNM system. The studies have shown that the occurrence of breast tumor diseases in dogs has a significant effect on the activity of T- and B-cellular link of specific immunity mechanisms, especially the number of T-lymphocytes and their populations in animals with malignant neoplasia. In particular, in the blood of animals with malignant neoplasia of the mammary glands, the number of Tlymphocytes (common and, especially, theophylline resistant) decreases accompanied with an increase in the number of T-suppressors, which is an important criterion for predicting the course of the disease. These changes in the number of Tlymphocytes in the blood of dogs of the experimental groups have led to a decrease in the amount of immunoregulatory index, which indicates a decrease in lymphocytic activity. In the blood of dogs with malignant neoplasia, a tendency to increase the number of antigenic-dependent B-lymphocytes has been shown. Similar changes, only of a lesser extent, are also have been demonstrated in the blood of dogs with benign breast neoplasia. Thus, the results of the research showed that the development of mammary gland tumors in dogs was accompanied by an immunosuppressive effect on the specific defense mechanisms, especially the T-cell link of the immune response in animals with malignant neoplasms.