A variety of chromone-containing polycyclic compounds are efficiently constructed in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities via palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of 3-iodochromones, α-bromo carbonyl compounds, and tetracyclododecene.

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Investigation on the physiochemical nature involved in the production of fatty acid catalyzed by the vesicles is of importance to understand the digestion of lipid. In this paper, the effects of crowding degree, which was constructed by polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the autocatalytic production of fatty acid with different chain lengths was studied. The results showed that the higher crowding degree led to the slower production rate of decanoic acid but the faster rate of oleic acid. The reason lies in that the presence of macromolecules resulted in the increased sizes of decanoic acid vesicles, but decreased sizes of oleic acid vesicles. Meanwhile, decanoic acid vesicles in more crowded medium exhibited viscous behavior, whereas oleic acid displayed elastic behavior. This research provides useful information for understanding the unusual autocatalyzed production of fatty acid in macromolecular crowding and may also draw an attention to the physiologically relevant lipid digestion.

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