Arch Argent Pediatr 2015;113(3):e145-e148 / e145Presentación de casos clínicos RESUMEN La infección posnatal o adquirida por citomegalovirus en el recién nacido se transmite por secreciones cervicales maternas en el parto, lactancia materna o transfusión de hemoderivados. La leche materna es la principal fuente de infección. Las manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la edad gestacional y el peso de nacimiento. Son más vulnerables los nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso. La infección posnatal, generalmente, es asintomática y suele resolverse de manera espontánea sin necesidad de tratamiento antiviral; el riesgo de secuelas a largo plazo es menor que en la infección congénita. Describimos el caso de un niño de 45 días de vida, nacido de término con peso adecuado para su edad gestacional, con un cuadro clínico muy poco frecuente caracterizado por plaquetopenia grave, secundario a una infección posnatal por citomegalovirus. Detallamos su forma de presentación, evolución clínica, diagnóstico y la terapéutica empleada. Palabras clave: infecciones por citomegalovirus, leche materna. ABSTRACTPostnatal infection or acquired cytomegalovirus in the newborn is transmitted by maternal cervical secretions at birth, breastfeeding, blood transfusion or biological fluids. Breast milk is the main source of infection. Clinical manifestations depend on the gestational age and birth weight, premature and low birth weight newborn being more vulnerable. Postnatal infection usually resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment; the risk of long-term sequelae is lower than in congenital infection. We describe the case of a 45 days old male patient, term newborn appropriate for gestational age, with a very rare condition characterized by severe thrombocytopenia secondary to postnatal cytomegalovirus infection. We detail its symptoms, clinical evolution, diagnosis and treatment employed.
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