The goal of the article is to examine and classify fundamental and specific factors of Russian spatial development in the context of increasing efficiency of the state spatial policy. The article gives a comparative analysis and a classification of urbanization processes in the Russian resource regions, points out the factors of urbanization, positive and negative effects of this process. The influence of urbanization processes on interregional social-economic asymmetry of regions was investigated by the example of Krasnoyarsk Krai as a typical resource region of Russia. Research methods include econometric modeling and building standardized integral indexes. Evolution of spatial policy instruments within the last decades has been considered and due recommendations for the state spatial policy have been elaborated to increase the effectiveness of urbanization management.