This study investigated the effectiveness of large group supervision. small group supervision, and combined group and individual supervision with counseling students. Sixty-four participants in a master's-level practicum were divided into 3 treatment groups that received supervision over 10 weeks. Using a pretest/posttest method. counselors were rated on growth in effectiveness and development according to self-report, supervisor, client, and objective rater responses. Analyses of covariance revealed that all supervision formats resulted in similar progress in counselor effectiveness and counselor development. Large group supervision produced a significant result on the factor Autonomy/Dependency. However, participants showed a marked preference for individual feedback and supervision.

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The supply of qualified counselor educators is diminishing in proportion to present and future demands. The authors explore historical perspectives, present concerns, and potential solutions to this growing problem.

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Ethical practice is a concern for all who practice in the psychological, social. and behavioral sciences. A central problem is discerning what action i s ethically correct in a particular situation. It has been said that there is nothing so practical as good theory, because theory can help counselors organize and integrate knowledge. It seems, therefore, that a sound means to facilitate ethical competence in counseling would be through a knowledge and understanding of foundations and theories of ethics. Much of this pragmatic foundation i s found in moral philosophy and related ethical theory.hose who practice in the psychological, social, and behavioral sciences regularly make moral/ethical judgments about the appropriateness or