To elucidate the role gap junctions play in the bystander transfected with the HSVtk gene failed to exert a bystander effect, we examined the cytotoxic effect of herpes simplex effect, whereas N2A transfectants coexpressing the convirus thymidine kinase (HSVtk)

Using a standard hospital mycology laboratory protocol, which is relatively inexpensive and readily available, fungus can be isolated from a majority of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Educational statement: Discuss the possible role of fungus in chronic rhinosinusitis and evaluate the efficacy of documenting the presence of fungus in a routine fashion to encourage clinically relevant directed treatments.)

Objectives Cochlear implant device failures and reimplantation have mainly been reported on in adults. The purpose of this study was to isolate precursors of device failures and assess the effects of reimplantation in children.Methods From 1997 to 2003, 27 children underwent cochlear reimplantation at our institution. The pre-failure complaints were categorized and correlated with actual failure modes and postimplantation results. Speech-recognition tests were used to evaluate preand post-reimplantation performance. Results Pre-failure length of usage ranged from 0 to 12 years. Symptoms including pain, intermittence, reduced performance, noise and the need for frequent device adjustments were associated with device failures, although not with a particular mode of failure. Post reimplantation performance was equal to but not immediately better than pre-failure results in children who received upgraded devices. Conclusions Specific complaints, frequent need for device adjustments and reduced speech recognition can be precursors to device failures, underscoring the need for routine follow-up evaluations. Reimplantation with newer technology does not guarantee improved speech understanding and often requires an adjustment period to reach prereimplantation levels.

Specific complaints, frequent need for device adjustments and reduced speech recognition can be precursors to device failures, underscoring the need for routine follow-up evaluations. Reimplantation with newer technology does not guarantee improved speech understanding and often requires an adjustment period to reach pre-reimplantation levels.