Water is one of the crucial necessities of man since it is needed for almost all of his activities. With increase in population growth, quality water needed for consumption by man is on the decline because of environmental pollution. Thus the main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence level of E. coli O157:H7 in water bodies in Ile-Ife and its environs which are the sources of water for man's consumption. Four hundred and fifty-one samples were investigated from five major sources of water namely; well, stream, borehole, bottled and sachet. The water samples were screened for E. coli and serologically characterized for E. coli O157:H7. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained were further characterized for stx 1, stx 2 and eaeA genes. The result revealed that well water and stream water had a prevalence of 8.74% and 4.59% respectively. Antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolates showed that both sources harboured isolates that are resistant to three classes of antibiotics. The virulence gene distribution shows that stx 1 and stx 2 were present in all the E. coli O157:H7 investigated. In conclusion, it appears that the gastroenteritis outbreaks experienced in the study area may be due to the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in water samples.

Mushrooms are fungi that are unique in the recycling of plant biomass through decomposition in the process of which they also serve as food for man. These functions are carried out through the extracellular digestion of plant biomass with a consortium of enzymes. This study examined the effect of carbon-nitrogen ratios (C/N) of three lignocellulosic substrates, namely, corncob (C/N 120:1), sawdust (C/N 325:1) and waste paper (C/N 400:1) on the yield of Pleurotus pulmonarius. The experimental design was factorial laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Tissue culture was made on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) which was transferred to boiled sorghum grains for spawn making. The substrates were pasteurized and then inoculated with P. pulmonarius. Substrates were pasteurized (immersed in hot water for 3 hours) and inoculated with P. pulmonarius. Proximate analysis of the fruiting bodies was done to determine crude protein, crude fat, moisture content, dry matter, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate. Carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the substrates was also determined. Corncob has C/N ratio of 120:1. The yield performance of corncob was the highest for weight (86 ± 0.01 g), length of stipe (3.55 ± 0.04 cm) and diameter of pileus (7.3 ± 0.07 cm). Means separation by least significant difference (LSD) showed that the yield parameters for corncob were statistically different from other substrates used.The proximate analysis of dried P. pulmonarius showed that corncob had a protein content of 17.37% ± 0.80% and moisture content of 0.69% ± 0.01% respectively, while sawdust and corncob had crude fibre contents of 1.79 ± 0.02 and 1.79 ± 0.01 respectively. Conclusively, having an idea of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate to be used for mushroom cultivation, manipulating the nutritional composition of mushrooms can be enhanced by enriching the growth substrates/media.

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Globally, malaria increase the rate maternal mortality. Nigeria has high malaria endemicity and the world's highest malaria burden. Nigeria reports about 51 million cases and 31.3% mortality annually, while 97% of the population (213.4m) is at risk. Malaria killed no fewer than 200,000 Nigerians, of which there were 61 million cases that were responsible for 11% of maternal mortality in Nigeria in 2021. This study examined the prevalence and patterns of malaria endemicity among pregnant women in Ondo State, and determined the malaria prevalence from 2013–2017. Geospatial technology was employed to examine the distribution of malaria cases among pregnant women and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the malaria prevalence in eight Local Government Areas. Temporal analysis revealed a gradual increase in malaria occurrence over the years. In 2013, 2015, and 2017, Akure South recorded the highest prevalence, with approximately 8 cases (40.11%), 5 cases (23.64%), and 9 cases (27.94%) per 1000 pregnant women, respectively. Ondo East had the highest prevalence of 9 cases (27.06%) in 2014, while in 2016, Akoko Southwest had the highest prevalence of 3 cases (19.04%) per 1000 pregnant women. The cumulative malaria patterns for the five years showed that Akure South had the highest prevalence of 18.76–31.42 per 1000 pregnant women. In contrast, the lowest prevalence occurred in Odigbo and Okitipupa having 5–9 cases per 1000 pregnant women. From 2013–2017, findings showed variations in the disease's prevalence in Ondo state.