Changing Nature of Masculinities by Eric Anderson. Druk za zgodą wydawnictwa Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, należącego do Informa plc. Eric Andersonprofesor na Uniwersytecie Winchester. Jego zainteresowania to: męskość, sport i seksualność. Jako student był sportowcem (biegaczem długodystansowym) i następnie pierwszym amerykańskim trenerem, który się ujawnił jako gej. Opublikował m.in.: In the Game: Gay Athletes and the Cult of Masculinity (2005), Sport, Masculinities and Sexualities (2013), a także Inclusive Masculinity, której fragment prezentujemy w przekładzie. teksty drugie 2015 / 2 pokazuje, że jest tylko kwestią czasu, jak starą gwardię zastąpi nowa, bardziej inkluzywna rasa strażników bram. W istocie-o ile kwestie społeczne będą dalej szły tą drogą-męskości inkluzywne mogą wnet stać się normatywnym standardem, którym będziemy opisywać wszelkich sportowców.
Despite numerous studies that report the preponderance of domestic violence is perpetrated by men against women, other empirical studies suggest that rates of domestic violence by women and men are equivalent. This article explores these claims of gender symmetry in intimate partners' use of violence by reviewing the empirical foundations of the research and critiquing existing sources of data on domestic violence. The author suggests methods to reconcile the disparate data and encourages researchers and practitioners to acknowledge women's use of violence while understanding why it tends to be very different from violence by men toward their female partners.
Since 1982, there have been 28 cases of random school shootings in American high schools and middle schools. The authors find (a) that the shootings were not a national problem but a series of local problems that occurred in “red states” or counties (places that voted Republican in the 2000 election); (b) that most of the boys who opened fire were mercilessly and routinely teased and bullied and that their violence was retaliatory against the threats to manhood; (c) that White boys in particular might be more likely than African American boys to randomly open fire; and (d) that the specific content of the teasing and bullying is homophobia. A link between adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence is proposed. Finally, the authors offer a few possible explanations as to how most boys who are teased and bullied achieve the psychological resilience that enables them to weather adolescence without recourse to random school violence.
Resumo Meu ponto de partida é o argumento de Andre Gunder Frank, que, em seus estudos clássicos sobre América Latina, apontou que o desenvolvimento e o subdesenvolvimento não eram estágios pelos quais todos os países passavam, mas que havia uma relação entre o desenvolvimento e o subdesenvolvimento, em que o desenvolvimento de alguns países implicava o subdesenvolvimento deliberado e específico de outros. Neste sentido, a criação da metrópole implicava simultaneamente a criação da periferia. Assim como no caso do desenvolvimento económico, este processo ocorre também com gênero, no que diz respeito à construção histórica dos significados de masculinidade. À medida que o ideal hegemônico de masculinidade se estabelece, este é criado por oposição a um feixe de “outros”, cuja masculinidade foi problematizada e desvalorizada. O hegemônico e o subalterno emergem em mútua e desigual interação, em uma ordem social e econômica com uma demarcação prévia distorcida de gênero (gendered ). Neste trabalho, localizo a emergência histórica da versão hegemônica de masculinidade nos Estados Unidos e na Europa Ocidental, do século XVIII até o presente. Descrevo as formas pelas quais o “self-made-man” superou e desacreditou outras versões de masculinidade – a de homens negros, imigrantes, homossexuais, velhos, homens de classe alta, homens de classe trabalhadora –, bem como a mulher, na medida em que este se transformava na forma dominante de sucesso com um bias de gênero na arena pública. Descrevo a versão hegemônica de masculinidade – o capitalista globalizado que, em cada país, assiste CNN em hotéis de luxo, fala por telefone celular, usa gravatas poderosas e faz refeições com o poder – como um descendente direto do comerciante do século XVIII.
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