The paper introduces a method to validate heat of sorption measurements from isotherms by comparing them to direct measurements using reaction calorimetry. We have evaluated some frequently used single temperature isotherm models (BET, GAB) as well as two multi temperature isotherm equations (Anderson, Heikkilä). It turned out that the isotherm models with better isotherm curve fitting characteristics did not deliver the best results for the heat of sorption.Multi temperature isotherm models like for example the Heikkilä equation are able to deliver good results in terms of modelling the isotherm data and determining the heat of sorption. Single temperature models are fitting the isotherm data better than the multitemperature models, but failed to deliver correct values for the heat of sorption .We specifically investigated the heat of sorption at very low moisture content, which is most relevant for paper drying. The resulting heat of sorption curves were analyzed with respect to their saturation behavior which is expected to occur below BET monolayer Downloaded by [FU Berlin] at 13:45 07 July 2015 2 moisture. The heat of sorption from Heikkilä's model was the only one to show the expected saturation at very low moisture content.

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First responders engage in highly stressful situations at the emergency site that may induce stress, fear, panic and a collapse of clear thinking. Staying cognitively under control under these circumstances is a necessary condition to avoid useless risk-taking and particularly to provide accurate situation reports to remote units to be able to organize appropriate support in time. This work applied a flexible virtual reality (VR) training environment with the purpose to investigate the performance of reporting under rather realistically simulated mission conditions. In a pilot study, representative emergency forces of the Austrian volunteer fire brigade and paramedics of the Johanniter organization were subjected to a test program that tested a formalized reporting schema (LEDVV), inducing equivalent strain in both, real environment and VR-based training scenarios. Wearable psychophysiological measuring technology was applied to estimate the cognitive-emotional stress level under both training conditions. The results indicate that both situation reports achieve a rather high level of cognitive-emotional stress and should be thoroughly trained. Furthermore, the results motivate the use of VR environments for the training of stress-resilient decision-making behavior of emergency forces.

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