The global trend is constantly increasing investments in strategic sectors of the economy, for example the electric power industry, which, in many countries, is becoming diversified and dispersed due to the multitude of entities investing in energy production and renewable resources, which leads to an increase in the heterogeneity of investment decisions. There is an urgent need to control the movement of investments, budget funds, as well as their development in the process of implementing investment programs of energy companies. The control of the movement of investments is the most promising direction of studying the subject of finance and audit. The increasing volume of public and private targeted investments in the energy sector and the lack of control over the effectiveness of investment projects (since each program contains several thousand lists of projects) necessitated the introduction of additional regulation of budget spending. The development of a mathematical apparatus for such regulation led to the creation in the Russian Federation of an institute of an independent public technological and price audit (TPA). The TPA is seen as a mechanism to ensure an effective project evaluation and selection process. This article describes methodological improvements using power system optimization models. The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) was developed as part of the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Program of the IEA-ETSAP, an international community that uses long-term energy scenarios to conduct in-depth energy and environmental analyzes. This approach includes two different but complementary systematic approaches to energy modeling: an engineering approach and an economic approach. The same approach is used when conducting a TSA, when an investment object is evaluated as a set of technological and price parameters. The article considers a model of resource allocation in the energy sector and a mechanism for using TPA for investment projects with state participation in a natural monopoly. An approach to the financial and long-term distribution of investments of electric power companies based on the search for a balance of interests of the supplier and consumer and available energy sources is proposed. A model has been developed to find the optimal plan of technical solutions, taking into account the balance of the possibilities of the electric power industry and the needs of the economy. The relevance of the article is due to the requirements of investment efficiency, since the prevailing share in the costs is occupied by the costs of equipment and the construction of power plants.

W artykule omówiono teoretyczne aspekty regionalnych systemów ekonomicznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na specyfikę i warunki rozwoju regionów przygranicznych i nadmorskich w nowych warunkach geopolitycznych. Przedstawiono szczególne aspekty funkcjonowania tych jednostek terytorialnych w Federacji Rosyjskiej i Wspólnocie Państw Niepodległych (WNP). Podkreślono rolę efektu przygraniczności ściśle związanego z takimi elementami, jak: przejścia graniczne, posterunki kontroli granicznej i celnej, łączność, serwis i logistyka. Zwrócono także uwagę na możliwości wykorzystania zasobów gruntowych, leśnych, wodnych i rekreacyjnych po obu stronach granicy. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono formom współpracy międzynarodowej mieszkańców terenów przygranicznych oraz instytucji i organizacji tam działających.

In the article, methods and tools for diagnosing crisis phenomena in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the example of border regions of the Baltic Sea countries and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, were presented. Governmental measures and restrictions on the functioning of the economic subjects introduced in the border regions caused some shock and stress situation, which are of great importance for the course of the crisis conditions and the way out of the crisis. The purpose of the diagnosis is to establish a specific recognition of the research object, to provide a specific description and to formulate a final document or a conclusion about the condition of this object within a specified research completion date. In other words, the diagnosis allows the determination of the state of the research object and the development of a conclusion from these results, which can be based on indicators, coefficients, standards, in order to propose real positive changes up to the definition of the strategy and development tactics. The study uses the methods of systemic, structural, factor and comparative analysis, considering common and available parameters. A qualitative diagnosis of the object is carried out based on the algorithm and research stages. Specific problems are investigated on the basis of indicators and characteristics that are comparable in studies of corona crisis phenomena. Currently, the frontier economy is facing new challenges that test the basic mechanisms of functioning in crisis conditions. All these processes imply measures to eliminate the consequences of post-pandemic phenomena. This research can be used by the public administration units in diagnosing the processes of cross-border cooperation in the period of recovering from the post-pandemic crisis.

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