The value of soil reaction depends on the environmental and ecological factors. These ÚvodPôda je produktom prírody a je jedným z najdrahocennejších ľudských majetkov. Ako súčasť geografického prostredia umožňuje život rastlinám, živočíchom i človeku (Dubcová a kol., 2008). Predstavuje rozhodujúci prírodný zdroj a súčasne ekonomický (výrobná základňa) a eko-sociálny potenciál (sociálna opora) každej krajiny. Hospodárenie na pôde sa nemôže celkom vyhnúť vplyvom na pôdu a životné prostredie (Hanes, 1995). Nepriaznivé dôsledky priemyselných technológií obhospodarovania pôd sa najčastejšie prejavujú poškodením fyzikálneho stavu pôdy (narušenie režimu rovnovážneho objemového usporiadania, pokles objemu pôdnych pórov v humusovom horizonte pod hranicou 50 % z celkového objemu pôdy, pokles objemu aeračných a drenážnych pórov pod 10 %, poškodenie pôdnej štruktúry, nadmerné utlačenie pôdy, mechanický odnos pôdnej hmoty vodnou a veternou eróziou), zhoršením pôdneho chemizmu (narušenie prirodzeného rovnovážneho stavu sorpčného komplexu, zhoršenie výmeny iónov medzi pevnou a kvapalnou fázou pôdy a rastlinou, nadmerné okysľovanie alebo nežiadúca alkalizácia pôd, prebytok alebo nevhodný pomer živín v pôde, akumulácia toxických látok v pôde a narušenie hygieny pôd) a zhoršením

Tulis F., Jakab I., Slobodník R., Hudec M.: Land units composition of home ranges and changing of winter roosts of long-eared owl Asio otus. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 34 , No. 2, p. 147-154, 2015.During the years 2010-2012, we observed the spatial activity of long-eared owls by the radio telemetry in an agricultural land. The average home range size of tracked long-eared owls for 100 and 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) was 415.93 and 350 ha, respectively. Between the breeding and the non-breeding season, we did not record significant differences in the size of home ranges. Open land units (meadows and arable lands) belonged to the most abundant land units in the home ranges of tracked owls (mean for 100 and 95% MCP was 24.6 and 24.3%, respectively). Forest edges with their ecotone character also represented the abundant land unit (mean for 100 and 95% MCP was 11.4 and 10.6%, respectively). An amount of built-inhabited areas in home ranges (mean for 100 and 95% MCP was 8.2 and 10.1%, respectively) correlated positively with their size (Spearman rank correlation: for 100% MCP: r s = 0.83, p <0.05; for 95% MCP: r s = 0.91, p <0.05) that indicates long-eared owls to be avoiding built-inhabited areas as an area of the food getting. Two individuals of long-eared owl changed the winter roosts during one non-breeding season, which were at a distance of 650 m from each other.

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The importance of the potential evaluation and production capacity of soil lies in understanding the changes related to the content of humus in the soil. Environmental and ecological factors affect the process of humus creation in both a negative and a positive way. This process is affected by location, soil type, relief, season, climate, altitude and using of soil cover. The interaction of natural components with spatial fragmentation of the country has an important role in the cycle, modelling and sequestration of carbon stocks. The article summarizes the influence of land use and vegetation cover on the soil properties of different soil types and deals with the possibilities of using parametric tests in evaluation of humus content based on environmental and ecological factors. We investigated the differences in the values of humus on grass and forest ecosystem in Kremnické and Štiavnické vrchy Mts. in identified soil types and in selected periods 2011-2014 years.

The ability of humus substances to form stable complexes with inorganic and organic soil constituents plays a vital role in the generation of environmental pollution, migration, and pollutants transformation. This paper deals with the study of the sorption of metallic elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mg, Zn) in Andosols, Cambisols, and Planosols on Slovak soil types based on the detection of the quality and quantity of humus substances and soil textural properties. Five soil profiles from two areas in the central part of the Western Carpathians on volcanic rocks in Slovakia were investigated. HS values increased with Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, and Mg. Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased with the FA fraction. Al, Ca, Fe, K, and Mg were increasing with increasing HA values. In the HA fraction, a very tight relationship was among K and Fe contents (r = 0.902). In the FA fraction, we found with increasing Cu content, Ca content also increased (r = 0.959). The HS values were positively correlated with the silt and negatively correlated with the clay and the sand fraction. Only the elements Mn and Zn in Planosol were below the detection limit. High concentrations of metallic elements were in Andosol.