Nachajski et al.: Role of API in the Process of Direct Compression The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of the active pharmaceutical ingredient on the fl owability of the powder and properties of tablets prepared using direct compression method. Each analysed formulation contained one model active pharmaceutical ingredient, diphenhydramine, ketoprofen or loratadine. Granulometric properties of the powder formulations were determined based on bulk density prior and after compression, Hausner ratio, Carr index and angle of repose values. The analysis of manufactured tablets included determination of their hardness, thickness, mass, disintegration time, wettability, contact angle and swelling index values. The preformulation study confi rmed that characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient might have modifi ed physicochemical properties of both powder formulations and tablets.

Summary Model maidenhair tree (Ginkgo bilobae) leaf extracts were created basing on medium of diversified polarity (εM). Chromatographic analysis was performed with the HPLC method, with the so-called dry residue remaining after evaporating the dissolving agent from saturated aqueous solutions and from 0.1 mol HCl. Viscosity measure and surface activity estimations were conducted on phase boundary. Then, basic values of viscosity ([η], Mη) and hydrodynamic values (Ro, Robs., Ω) were calculated. Moreover, reference quercetin and rutin (rutoside) were used to mark the conversion contents of flavonoids in produced extracts with the UV method.

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Zwi¹zki powierzchniowo czynne z grupy polioksyetylenowanych estrów kwasów t³uszczowych Cz. II. PODSTAWOWE WIELKOOECI LEPKOOECIOWE A RÓWNOWAGA HYDROFILOWO-LIPOFILOWA PRODUKTÓW OKSYETYLENOWANIA ESTRÓW METYLOWYCH KWASÓW T£USZCZOWYCH OLEJU RZEPAKOWEGO * *) Streszczenie-Przedmiotem badañ by³y roztwory wodne szeregu homologicznego zwi¹zków powierzchniowo czynnych typu "Rofam" ró¿ni¹cych siê liczb¹ wbudowanych ugrupowañ tlenku etylenu. Okreoelono wp³yw liczby tych ugrupowañ na równowagê hydrofilowo-lipofilow¹, w³aoeciwooeci hydrodynamiczne oraz aktywnooeae powierzchniow¹. Wyniki pos³u¿y³y do okreoelenia mechanizmu solubilizacji i oszacowania wp³ywu tego procesu na dostêpnooeae farmaceutyczn¹ i biologiczn¹ micelarnego adduktu "Rofamów" w modelowych formach oerodków farmaceutycznych. S³owa kluczowe: solubilizacja, zwi¹zki powierzchniowo czynne, "Rofamy", roztwory wodne, równowaga hydrofilowo-lipofilowa, w³aoeciwooeci hydrodynamiczne, aktywnooeae powierzchniowa. SURFACTANTS FROM THE GROUP OF FATTY ACIDS POLYETHYLENATED ESTERS. PART II. BASIC VISCOMETRIC VALUES AND SOLUBILITY PARAMETER IN RELATION TO HYDROPHI-LIC-LIPOPHILIC BALANCE OF THE PRODUCTS OF OXYETHYLENATION OF RAPE OIL FATTY ACIDS METHYL ESTERS Summary-Aqueous solutions of homologous series of "Rofam" type surfactants (ZPC) based on rape oil fatty acids methyl esters, differing in oxyethylene segments content (nTE), were the subjects of investigations. Content of oxyethylene segments nTE, determined by 1 H NMR, allowed to verify ZPC molecular weight and to calculate structural hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB, by Davis or Griffin methods) as well as required solubility level of the balance (HLB R) (Table 1). The following values were determined on the basis of viscometric measurements: limiting viscosity number [η], viscometric average molecular weight (M η), specific volume (Ω) and hydrodynamic radius of micelle (R obs) (Table 2 and 3). Viscometric measurements let also calculate average number of water molecules hydrating the micelle built of "Rofam" homologous structures. Determination of critical micellar concentration (cmc) was the base for calculation of thermodynamic potential of micelle formation () and micellar level of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLBcmc) (Table 4, Fig. 1-3). The value of surfactant's lipophilic core upthrust over the phase boundary (Am, Fig. 4) let analyze the effect of oxyethylene segments' content in "Rofam" molecule structure on its potential solubilization properties. The results of investigations and the values calculated on this basis make clearer the mechanism of solubilization of lipophilic drugs what determines the pharmaceutical and biological availability of micellar adducts from the model forms of drugs.

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