Abstract-The most important milestone in the field of magnetic sensors was when AMR sensors started to replace Hall sensors in many applications where the greater sensitivity of AMRs was an advantage. GMR and SDT sensors finally found applications. We also review the development of miniaturization of fluxgate sensors and refer briefly to SQUIDs, resonant sensors, GMIs, and magnetomechanical sensors.

A calibration procedure for calibrations of triaxial magnetometers is presented. The procedure uses a triaxial Helmholtz coil system and an Overhauser scalar magnetometer and is performed in the Earth's field range. The triaxial coils are firstly calibrated with the Overhauser magnetometer and subsequently a triaxial magnetometer calibration is performed. As opposed to other calibration approaches, neither Earth's field nulling system nor movements of the magnetometer are needed. A real calibration test was carried out -the extended calibration uncertainty was better than 430 ppm in sensitivity and 0.06 degrees in orthogonality.

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Being able to control the anisotropy of a magnetic core plays an important role in the development of a fluxgate sensor. Our aim is to induce anisotropy orthogonal to the direction of excitation because it generates a stable, low-noise fluxgate, as cited in the literature. In this paper, we present an original method for electroplating a ring core for a fluxgate with built-in radial anisotropy by performing the electroplating in a radial field produced by a novel yoke. The results show that the resulting anisotropy is homogeneously radial and makes the magnetization rotate, avoiding domain wall movement for low excitation fields.

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