Clinically significant IFs on LDCT scans for lung cancer screening are common, and their potential impact should be included in the shared decision-making process. Screening program staff should develop a standard approach for the evaluation of these findings and consider the financial impact when seeking infrastructure support for screening program implementation.

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Both BT and the bronchoscopic treatments for COPD have shown promising results in recent studies, suggesting the onset of a new direction in obstructive lung disease treatment.