a b s t r a c tThis paper presents an original method for the sensorless Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a small power wind turbine using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to supply a DC load. This method does neither require to measure the wind speed nor to know the turbine parameters. After a presentation of the energy conversion chain (wind turbine and PMSG), we first derive an analysis of its energy efficiency. This analysis shows that the highest power at the output of the turbine and the highest power supplied to the load are not obtained at the same rotor speed. This clearly shows the interest to maximize the power supplied to the load rather than to track the maximum power at the output of the turbine deduced from its theoretical power coefficient C p , and the interest to use an active three-phase rectifier combined with a field oriented control of the PMSG. We then describe the proposed MPPT process and the speed estimator used to design a sensorless MPPT. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Nous proposons un nouveau concept pour obtenir des jets métalliques très rapides (dont la vitesse peut atteindre ou dépasser 20 km/s). On utilise la détonation engendrée dans un cylindre d'explosif pour initier une onde de compression sur la face arrière d'une cible métallique ; le jet est crée en face avant, dans une cavité cylindrique. Un grand nombre d'expériences ont permis de paramétrer l'influence de la nature du matériau (cuivre ou alliage d'aluminium AU4G), et de la géométrie de la cavité. Des calculs numériques de simulation ont été effectués avec PLEXUS (code éléments finis 2D ou 3D) et CEL (code 2D différences finies) ; ils ont permis de comprendre le processus de création et de propagation du jet, et de restituer correctement les observations expérimentales (forme et vitesse du jet).
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